Marketing Management Fifteenth Edition Chapter 11 Creating Brand

Learning Objectives 11. 1 What is a brand, and how does branding work? 11. 2 What is brand equity? 11. 3 How is brand equity built? 11. 4 How is brand equity measured? 11. 5 How is brand equity managed? 11. 6 What is brand architecture? 11. 7 What is customer equity? Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

How Does Branding Work? • American Marketing Association – A brand is “a name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a combination of them, intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors” Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

The Role of Brands (1 of 2) • Brands’ role for consumers ‒ ‒ ‒ Set and fulfill expectations Reduce risk Simplify decision making Take on personal meaning Become part of identity Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

The Role of Brands (2 of 2) • Brands’ role for firms ‒ ‒ ‒ Simplify product handling Organize inventory & accounting Offer legal protection Create brand loyalty Secure competitive advantage Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

The Scope of Branding • Branding – The process of endowing products and services

Defining Brand Equity (1 of 3) • Brand equity – Added value endowed to products with consumers Table 11. 1 Marketing Advantages of Strong Brands Improved perceptions of product performance Greater trade cooperation and support Greater loyalty Increased marketing communications effectiveness Less vulnerability to competitive marketing actions Possible licensing opportunities Less vulnerability to marketing crises Additional brand extension opportunities Larger margins Improved employee recruiting and retention More inelastic consumer response to price increases Greater financial market returns More elastic consumer response to price decreases Blank Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Defining Brand Equity (2 of 3) • Customer-based brand equity – The differential effect brand knowledge has on consumer response to the marketing of that brand § Differences in consumer response § Brand knowledge § Perceptions, preferences, and behavior Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Brand Equity Models (2 of 4) • Brand. Asset® Valuator – Energized differentiation – Relevance – Esteem – Knowledge Figure 11. 1 Brand. Asset® Valuator Model Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Building Brand Equity (1 of 2) • Brand equity drivers – Brand element or identity choices – Product & accompanying marketing – Other associations Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Building Brand Equity (2 of 2) • Brand element choice criteria – – – Memorable Meaningful Protectable Likable Adaptable Transferable Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Designing Holistic Marketing Activities • Brand contact – Any information-bearing experience (positive or negative) a customer or prospect has with the brand, its product category, or its market Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Internal Branding • Activities and processes that help inform/inspire employees about brands – – Choose the right moment Link internal and external marketing Bring the brand alive for employees Keep it simple Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Managing Brand Equity • Brand reinforcement – Requires the brand always be moving forward (NIVEA) • Brand revitalization – Any new development in the marketing environment can affect a brand’s fortunes. To create a comeback in the market. Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Devising a Branding Strategy (1 of 2) • Can develop new brand elements for new product • Can apply some of existing brand elements • Can use a combination of new & existing brand elements Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Devising a Branding Strategy (2 of 2) • Brand extension • Category extension • Sub-brand • Brand line • Parent brand • Brand mix • Master/family brand • Branded variants • Line extension • Licensed product Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Branding Decisions (1 of 2) • Alternative branding strategies – Individual or separate family brand names – Corporate umbrella or company brand name – Sub-brand name Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Branding Decisions (2 of 2) – Flagship product Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson

Brand Portfolios • The set of all brands and brand lines a particular firm offers for sale in a particular category or market segment – – Flankers Cash cows Low-end entry level High-end prestige Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Brand Extensions (1 of 3) • Introducing a host of new products under a firm’s strongest brand names ‒ Risk of brand dilution ‒ May harm parent brand Copyright © 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved