Marked Spaces Interaction design and sensor integration for

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Marked Spaces Interaction design and sensor integration for ubiquitous location-based messaging and communication Mark

Marked Spaces Interaction design and sensor integration for ubiquitous location-based messaging and communication Mark Perry and Caroline Shangar SISCM, Brunel University contact: mark. perry@brunel. ac. uk marked spaces

Communication in place Many common instances of space in communication notes on fridge doors

Communication in place Many common instances of space in communication notes on fridge doors and colleagues’ desks, paper pushed under doors, pinned up in social areas for viewing at leisure other instances where desirable (e. g. the bedtime SMS) Location has an important role to play comm’s technologies have largely failed to address this “anytime, anywhere” vs. “now, here” current communication and information is tied to devices, not places and things e. g. email, digital music and photographs, etc. marked spaces

Previous work Commotion (e. g. Schmandt, et al. , 2000) voice-based interaction on GPS

Previous work Commotion (e. g. Schmandt, et al. , 2000) voice-based interaction on GPS platform simple functionality: to-do lists, augmented with limited location-based information services (context-aware messaging) Geonotes (e. g. Espinoza et al. 2001) focus on volume problems in spatial messaging based just on a single platform (GPS or Wireless LAN) Urban Tapestries (e. g. Lane, 2004) situated, public annotations, to build ‘urban histories’ map-based interaction, focus on ‘place’ user interaction simplified for the task with little user customisation All just stationery ‘locations’, all single sensor types marked spaces

Designing to mark space our goal: not just locating in, but actively marking space

Designing to mark space our goal: not just locating in, but actively marking space the space around things, as well as Cartesian space utilise notion of proximity: ‘on’, ‘near’ or ‘around’ user-centred perspective development efforts focus around use and usability marked spaces

Interaction and sensor specificity Three key granular areas of coverage different capabilities and constraints

Interaction and sensor specificity Three key granular areas of coverage different capabilities and constraints together - rich set of infrastructural resources allowing determination of a device’s location at a different exactness 1. Microspatial (e. g. RFID tag) coverage of a few cm to metres - precise sensitivity un-powered, and allow ‘fit-and-forget’ placement 2. Mesospatial (e. g. ultrasound beacons/Bluetooth) coverage of several metres (<5 -100 metres), powered signal blocked by structures, allowing room-level sensitivity 3. Macrospatial (e. g. GPS) Accurate to approx. 3 -100 metres, powered carried by the user, not embedded marked spaces

‘Relative’ sensors (e. g. RFID, B/T) Bluetooth RFID <Sender: james> <tag: john’s mobile> remember

‘Relative’ sensors (e. g. RFID, B/T) Bluetooth RFID <Sender: james> <tag: john’s mobile> remember to speak to John - he’s got your briefcase with him! <Sender: caroline> <tag: no-name> Book due back in the library on the 24 th Feb 2005. Check out the reference to Ubi. Net! marked spaces

‘Absolute’ sensors (e. g. GPS) GPS tagged ‘boundary’ around school (an X, Y co-ordinate

‘Absolute’ sensors (e. g. GPS) GPS tagged ‘boundary’ around school (an X, Y co-ordinate + n metres) <Sender: jim> <tag: grid-reference> ha, ha! get this! <device plays music: School’s out for the summer!> marked spaces

3 key research elements 1. understand the use of space in messaging activity support

3 key research elements 1. understand the use of space in messaging activity support user needs mesh with current practices 2. develop interaction techniques 3. prototype technical sensor/ messaging infrastructure lightweight (think SMS) interactionally integrated (multi-sensor) personalisable integrates a variety of sensors into a single, unified system marked spaces

Understanding space …actually, understanding spatial communication in particular, asynchronous messaging little understanding of the

Understanding space …actually, understanding spatial communication in particular, asynchronous messaging little understanding of the role of space in communication: why leave messages in spaces; what level of location specificity is important; how are situated messages made visible? need to examine current practices and values role of spatial messaging in co-ordination and collaboration: communication doesn’t occur in a vacuum how do people use messages to communicate and maintain relationships? and communication breakdowns as current practices fail marked spaces

Interaction design interaction model: text ‘tagging’ by Graffiti artists ‘sprayed’ onto people, places and

Interaction design interaction model: text ‘tagging’ by Graffiti artists ‘sprayed’ onto people, places and things extended to ‘media tagging’ (voice recordings, photographs, music) sensitivity at different levels of precision how-to-do messaging at different target proximities… …on an integrated system - with a single user interface? interaction designer’s task: low-effort message placement and retrieval allow users to utilise the different resources and constraints that the different sensors offer without requiring a deep understanding of underlying technologies marked spaces

a complex design syntax! (for sender) …compare to SMS… present user with list of

a complex design syntax! (for sender) …compare to SMS… present user with list of available sensors option <select location/sensor> menu selection: sensor type, name, other details select <create new message> select media type menu selection create message option <send> menu selection, send is the first option select recipient/s end marked spaces

Interaction design issues… Questions - how to do: targeting (sender’s selection of a communication

Interaction design issues… Questions - how to do: targeting (sender’s selection of a communication ‘space’) addressing (how can spaces/sensors be named/identified? as mobile or static? as personal or situated? ) filtering (which messages are relevant to this recipient? ) navigation (how to search through several messages? ) message editing (how to manipulate message settings, e. g. editing message duration or deletion of old messages? ) system personalisation (how to configure the system for ongoing needs? ) …compounded by the constraints of developing on a handheld/small screened device. marked spaces

Summary… answer question: why might marking people, places and things be useful? how adopted

Summary… answer question: why might marking people, places and things be useful? how adopted in current patterns of activity, or appropriated for new reasons? what values might this form of communication hold for users? where might it fit into our current communications ecology? how to achieve this design is a non-trivial task! its not just a matter of building the infrastructure… …how can it be made useful and usable? marked spaces

Simplified architecture location data location request messages and related ids sensors ‘ping’ back a

Simplified architecture location data location request messages and related ids sensors ‘ping’ back a unique identifier which connects to the remote message repository Link Processor received messages, devices in the area (ids) messages, related ids marked spaces

High level architecture sensor poll tag id sensor poll e. g. GPS location info

High level architecture sensor poll tag id sensor poll e. g. GPS location info location request location co-ordinates unique sensor id device search e. g. B/T unique sensor id e. g. RFID marked spaces