Marion Leen ROMEO AND JULIET FANTASY OVERTURE PETER

Marion Leen ROMEO AND JULIET FANTASY OVERTURE PETER ILYICH TCHAIKOVSKY This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA

Marion Leen SYLLABUS REQUIREMENTS • Identify and Describe the range of musical features used • Study the work’s musical style and place it in its historical context • Be able to analyse and describe patterns of repetition and change within the music • Make comparative judgements about music • Evaluate interpretation and performance in light of the experience attained This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Marion Leen SYLLABUS PRESCRIBED AREAS FOR STUDY IN TCHAIKOVSKY • Rudiments • Themes – Friar Lawrence, Strife and Love 1999 -Q. 1 ex 2 (ii)+(iii) 2000 -Q. 4 (iii) 2006 –Q. 3 (iv) 2011 –Q. 3 (ii) 2012 –Q. 2 (ii), (iii) & (iv) 2013 –Q. 1 ex 1(ii), Ex 2(i), (iii) & ex 3(i) 2017 –Q. 4 (ii) & (iii)

Marion Leen STRUCTURES • Sonata form Never asked in LC……yet!! • Overture • Programme music Sonata form and overture have not come up in an exam question!

Marion Leen STRUCTUR ES CONT. Overture: a piece of instrumental music composed as an introduction to an opera, oratorio, ballet or other dramatic work, OR as in the case of this overture intended for independent concert performance. Programme Music: Music which expresses an extra-musical idea, whether of mood, narrative or pictorial image.

Marion Leen MELODIC/RHYTHMIC DEVICES � � � � � Sequences Pedal Note Dialogue Canon Dactyl figure Ascending and Descending Scales Chromaticism Syncopation Dotted Rhythms Triplets etc. This is the most frequent type of exam question on Tchaikovsky 1999 – Q. 1 A(ii)&(iii) 2000 – Q. 4(iv)&(v) 2005 – Q. 4(iii)&(iv) 2006 – Q. 3(ii) 2007 – Q. 4 (iii)&(iv) 2011 – Q. 4 (iii)&(iv) 2012 – Q. 2 (iii) 2013 – Q. 1 ex 1(iv), Ex 3(ii) & (iii) 2017 – Q. 4 (ii) & (iv)

Marion Leen INSTRUMENTAL TECHNIQUES • Pizzicato – e. g. b. 38 • Con sordino e. g. b. 184 • Arpeggiated chords on harp e. g. b. 28 • Divisi e. g. b. 61 • Tremelo e. g. b. 88 2000 – Q. 4 (ii) 2001 – Q. 2 (iii) 2011 – Q. 3 (iii) 2013 – Q. 1 ex 1(iv)

Marion Leen INSTRUMENTS FEATURED AND PERFORMING MEDIUM � Students must be able to identify the instruments playing the main themes and accompaniment 1999 2000 2001 2005 2006 2007 2012 2013 – – – – Two examples are: 1. Friar Lawrence on clarinets, accompanied by bassoons only 2. Love Theme on Viola and Cor Anglais accompanied by French Horn, Cello + Double Bass Q. 1 A(i), B(ii), C(i) Q. 4(i) Q. 2(ii)(iv) Q. 4(iv) Q. 3(ii)(iii) Q. 4 (ii) Q. 2 (ii) Q. 1 ex 1(ii), (iii) This is a very frequent type of question in the exam

Marion Leen STYLES AND HISTORICAL PERIODS • Musical Features of the Romantic era • Programme features 2000 – Q. 4(v) 2005 – Q. 4(v) 2012 – Q. 2 (v) • Features of Tchaikovsky’s style This type of question usually appears as a 3 or 4 mark question and so requires a detailed and precise answer

Marion Leen • Greater emphasis on individual expression of emotion FEATURES OF THE ROMANTIC ERA 18001900 • Music becomes more descriptive – programme music • Expansion in the size and range of instruments in the orchestra – creates greater orchestral colour • Modulations to unrelated keys : Db major Love Theme b. 184 • New harmonies • Long sensuous melodies

Marion Leen • Juxtaposition of different sections of the orchestra e. g. (b. 105 -111), (b. 122 -125) FEATURES OF TCHAIKOVSKY’ S INDIVIDUAL STYLE • Descending chromatic figure against sequences (b. 206 -210) – heightension and leads to climax • Sequential writing – Friar Lawrence theme heard in F# minor, F minor and E minor.

Marion Leen COMPARE AND CONTRAST � While this does not appear as a separate area of study, it appears frequently on the exam paper. � Compare and Contrast all appearances of themes � Describe/Compare/Contrast the music that appears immediately before or after the excerpt given 1999 2001 2006 2007 2011 2013 2017 – – – – Q. 1 i. C(iii) Q. 2(v) Q. 3(iii)(v) Q. 4 (v) Q. 3 (V) Q. 1 ex 2(ii) & ex 3(iv) Q. 2 (v) N. B. This type of answer must always have a musical feature as its keyword (see analysis template) This question will be a 4 or 6 mark question

Marion Leen • Ticking too few/too many boxes • Blank spaces in questions • Circling/underlining too many notes/words WHAT ARE THE MAIN ERRORS IN ANSWERING THIS QUESTION? • Not attempting melodic/rhythmic dictation • Describe/Outline/Identify type questions • Musical Vocabulary • Compare and Contrast

Marion Leen 1999 2001 2006 2011 2013 Recapitulatio n b. 367 (25 m) Introduction b. 38 (10 m) Coda b. 485 (10 m) Introduction b. 38 (10 m) Coda b. 485 (25 m) Exposition b. 184 (10 m) Exposition b. 112 (10 m) Exposition b. 213 (10 m) Development b. 280 (10 m) Exposition b. 125 (10 m) 2000 2005 2007 2012 2017 EXAM QUESTIONS

Marion Leen THEMES OVERVIEW

ANALYSIS Marion Leen

ANALYSIS Marion Leen

ANALYSIS Marion Leen

Marion Leen GLOSSARY