Marine Biology Do Now 3 8 18 Directions

Marine Biology Do Now 3 -8 -18 • Directions: Take out your Do Now notebook and use answer the following question. • • How many times more venomous are sea snakes in comparison to cobras? • Explain how sea snakes have adapted to life in the ocean. • Explain how sea snakes and iguanas excrete excess salt.

Objective • Students will demonstrate mastery of marine reptiles and birds by scoring 136/227 ( 60%) or 136 60 better on a unit test. • Students will know the biodiversity and characteristics among marine algae by reading an article on types of marine algae, taking notes and answering concept check questions. – Mastery Level: 70% on concept check questions

OPEN NOTES UNIT II TEST: MARINE REPTILES & BIRDS WORTH 227 POINTS

PARCC Prep Activity – Writing a 6 -9 sentence paragraph • Write a 6 -9 sentence paragraph about a person with AEROPHOBIA. OR • Write a 6 -9 sentence paragraph about a person using an ANEMOMETER. • 9 sentence paragraph – 100% • 8 sentence paragraph – 89% • 7 sentence paragraph – 78% • 6 sentence paragraph – 67% • <6 sentences – Redo

Unit III Vocabulary Words • • • Macrophyte Plantae Protist Eukaryotic Thallus Blade Pneumatocyst Stipe Holdfast Epiphyte • • • Endophyte Fucoxanthins Phycobillians Phycocolloids Algin Carrageenan Agar Chlorophyll Seaweed Redtide

Students will watch “What causes killer algae” on You. Tube. Source: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=8 K_r. N-_NDm. I ENGAGE

Explore – What’s the main idea? • • Early in the history of life, algae changed the planet's atmosphere by producing oxygen, thus paving the way for the evolution of eukaryotic organisms. In an era in which the consumption of fossil fuels is a prime topic of concern, few people realize that the oil we currently exploit comes mostly from Cretaceous deposits of marine algae. Moving from ancient times to the present, the algae remain more important than most people realize. Today, the production of oxygen by algae (ca. 50% of all oxygen production) is another reason for saying "our lives depend on algae. " Those who love seafood should thank the algae because algae are the primary producers upon which aquatic ecosystems depend. Thanks should come from all who are vegetarians or omnivores, because all land plants derive from a freshwater class of green algae and all land-animals-including the cows that provide the steaks for meat-lovers-depend directly or indirectly on land plants for food and often for shelter as well. As we use up the oil deposits provided by the ancient algae, we are turning to the modern algae for help. Given the photosynthetic abilities of the algae, they are one of the major focuses for sustainable biofuel production and CO 2 consumption. Finally, the algae that give us the air we breathe, the food we eat, and the fuel for our cars (past and, perhaps, future), are also a source of active pharmaceutical compounds that can be used against drug-resistant bacterial strains, viruses (including Herpes Simplex and AIDS), and cancers. Roses are pretty and oak trees are impressive, but no other groups of "plants" have done so much, for so long, and, for so many as have the algae! Source: https: //scripps. ucsd. edu/biblio/algae-worlds-most-important-plants-introduction

Multicellular Algae: The Seaweeds and Marine Plants

I. Multicellular Algae • Marine Algae = seaweed = macrophytes • Classified in either Plantae or Protista depending on who you talk to. • Multicellular eukaryotic

A. General Structure • Complete body = thallus • Leaf-like structures = blades (Have gas filled bladders called pneumatocysts to help float • Stem like = stipe • Looks like roots = holdfast (just for holding on not nutrient absorption)

B. Types of Seaweed 1. Green Algae (Chlorophyta) -freshwater or terrestrial with minimal marine species -most unicellular, many microscopic, use chlorophyll -can live as epiphytes on other seaweed -some are endophytes (live within tissue) -sea lettuce, dead man’s fingers are examples

B. Types of Seaweed 2. Brown Algae (Phaeophyta) -Have fucoxanthin for pigment -1500 known species, almost all marine -most complex and largest -Kelps are largest group -Can grow up to 2 feet in one day! -Have been recorded at over 330 feet long! Pg 102 shows a kelp harvesting ship

B. Types of Seaweed 3. Red Algae (Rhodophyta) -Phycobillians are the pigments -most of the 4000 species are marine -parasites of other seaweeds -encrusting varieties grow on the surface of rocks or other algaes -articulated varieties branch and grow upward like many land plants usually referred to as “Coraline”

C. Economic Importance of Algae -Phycocolloids (starch-like) help make gel -Algin used in products as a thickener and emulsifier (dairy products, ice cream for smoothness, cakes and pies to keep from drying out). -Carrageenan (Red Algae) = used as an emulsifier (instant puddings) -Agar can form jellies (protect ham, fish, and meats during canning) -Variety are used as fertilizers, food additives for animals, etc.

Aquatic Plants Sea Grasses: Anthophyta • A Flowering plant related to lilies • Contain Chlorophyll • Eelgrass, turtle grass and Manatee grasses common • Inhabits shallow protected coastal areas • Very productive and act as protection for many marine species like immature fish

Mangroves: Anthophyta Trees that can tolerate salt water (very unusual) Red mangrove found in tropical waters Roots sit in saltwater at high tide • Trees that can tolerate salt water (very unusual) Chlorophyll major pigment • Red mangrove found in tropical waters • Roots sit in saltwater at high tide Leaves are thick for protection from • Chlorophyll major pigment water loss • Leaves are thick for protection from water loss

“Algae” • Protista that are photosynthetic autotrophs • Diverse morphology – Single cells, filaments, colonies, thalli • Polyphyletic

Green Algae Life size Pandorina - clump Chlamydomonas – 1 cell Ulothrix filament 100 μm Scale bars 10 μm ½ Life size Ulva sheet Ulva - sphere

Red Algae Polysiphonia – simple thallus Porphyra – sheet

Brown Algae

Diatoms

Euglena

Review – Fill in the Table Type of Algae Green Brown Red Sea Grass Phylum Pigment type Present Examples Unusual (2 -3) characteristics (2 -3)