Marie Skodowska Curie 1867 1934 X Wil helm

瑪麗 居禮 Marie Skłodowska. Curie (1867 -1934)

X-光 德國物理學家倫琴（Wil -helm Conrad Roentgen, 1845 -1923） ，於 1895年 12月22日 無意中發現了Ｘ光。 © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 3 7

© 2013 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. 3/12

Radioactive Decay: The process of unstable atoms spontaneously emitting radiation. 母代核 鉀-40 不穩定 半衰期 = 13億年 子代核 鈣-40 穩定

27 Al + 4 He → 30 P + 1 n.

巴黎 1891

Sorbone

1895

The Curies in the laboratory in 1896. “At this time my husband was occupied with researches on crystals, ” she later wrote, “while I undertook an investigation of the magnetic properties of steel. ”

Hypothesis: the emission of rays by uranium compounds could be an atomic property of the element uranium-something built into the very structure of its atoms.

原子概念: 起源於古希臘 ~ 450 B. C. E. , Leucippus and Democritus Atomos: The point at which matter can no longer be subdivided. © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2 30

道爾頓 Source: Manchester Literary & Philosophical Society Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 2 a– 31

發現 鐳 和 釙 As little as about 100 micrograms (0. 0001 grams) of polonium occurs in one ton of uranium ore. Litvinenko's death

1903

1911 Solvay Conference

Nuclear Fission from Slow Neutrons and Water Moderator

Nuclear Power Plant 51

Fukushima Accident cause • 11/03/2011, 2: 46 p. m. local time (7 hours earlier Romanian time) near the Japanese island of Honshu was an earthquake of 9 on the Richter scale. • The quake had an impact on section of north-east coast of Japan where they are located a series of nuclear power plants (NPP). • Nuclear reactors have been shut down properly.

NPP DAIICHI before the earthquake

Daiichi NPP after hidrogen explosion 15. 03.