Marcus Garvey Who was he What was his

Marcus Garvey Who was he? What was his impact on the “New Negro” movement?

Marcus Garvey’s Rise ¬Garvey established the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in native Jamaica in 1914. ¬Two years later, he introduced UNIA to NY ¬After WWI - UNIA gains wide popularity among African-Americans (particularly new migrants from South)

Why was he so popular? ¬Garvey insisted “Black” stood for “strength and beauty, not inferiority”- asserted independence from “white society” ¬He expressed that only real solution for African-Americans was to go “Back to Africa”

In what ways did he demonstrate his ideas? ¬He organized: “Universal African Legion”, Universal Black Cross Nurses, Universal African Motor Corporation, Black Eagle Flying Corps, Black Star Steamship Line, “Empire of Africa” (‘ 21) ¬He claimed 4 M followers in 1920 (6 M in 1923)

Impact on “New Negro” Movement? ¬According to John Hope Franklin, “ though few Harlem authors would concede it, …. he (Garvey) was one of the great energizers of the “New Negro Movement”. ¬NAACP and Du. Bois were critical “bombastic and impractical”. Criticism was mutual - “NAACP wants us to become white”.

Inglorious Ending? ¬Garvey was imprisoned in Atlanta for “Mail Fraud” in ‘ 23 - financing his Black Star Steamship Line ¬Pardoned by Pres. Coolidge in ‘ 27 ¬http: //www. marcusgarvey. com/ ¬site

Background Info Charles S. Johnson ¬ Born in Bristol, VA ¬ Doctorate from Univ. of Chicago ¬ Served in US Army in WWI (France) ¬ Returned to study and report on Chicago Race Riot (1919) ¬ Became director of National Urban League (NY) ¬ Founded and edited - Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life (‘ 21) ¬ Became President of Fisk University (‘ 46)

Charles S. Johnson ¬What was his interpretation of the “New Negro”?

Background Info Alain Locke ¬ Born in Philadelphia, PA - went to Central H. S. ¬ Studied Philosophy and graduated from Harvard in 1902 ¬ Became first black Rhodes Scholar at Oxford Univ. in England ¬ Edited Survey Graphic (‘ 25) and The New Negro (‘ 25) ¬ Strongly endorsed the Arts (Visual, Drama, etc. ) ¬ “Negro drama must grow in its own soil and cultivate its own intrinsic elements; only in this way can it become truly organic, and cease being a rootless derivative. ”

Alain Locke ¬What was his interpretation of the “New Negro”?