Marco Mazzotti ETH Zurich Switzerland Professor of Process

Marco Mazzotti – ETH Zurich, Switzerland Professor of Process Engineering 1

EU approach towards demonstration and implementation of CCS Marco Mazzotti Institute of Process Engineering ETH Zurich – Zurich, Switzerland Global Task Force on CCS Inaugural meeting February 14, 2008 Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008

European Union and climate change q EU committed to Kyoto agreement q Emissions Trading Scheme (cap-and-trade) q q Phase 1: 2005 -07 (covering ~50% of EU CO 2 emissions) Phase 2: 2008 -12 (~90% of allowances for free) q Framework programs for R&D q Launch in 2005 of European Technology Platform for Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Power Plants q EC January 2008 energy package Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

Emissions trading in the EU 2005 -2012 Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

European Union FP 6 6 th Framework Program for R&D, 2002 -06 CCS projects (~ € 170 m) q CASTOR: post-combustion q CO 2 Geo. Net: geo-storage q ENCAP: chem. loop+pre-com. q MOVECBM: ECBM (Recopol) q CACHET: pre-combustion q CO 2 Re. Mo. Ve: geo-storage q DYNAMIS: H 2 prod. + CCS q EU Geo. Capacity: mapping q CO 2 SINK: geo-stor. Ketzin, D q … 10 more w/ funds < € 5 m Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

European Union FP 7 7 th Framework Program for R&D, 2007 -13 q FP 7 total budget for cooperation: € 32 bn (+41%) q Environment: € 1. 8 bn q Energy: q q q € 2. 3 bn H 2 and fuel cells CCS for zero-emission power generation Clean coal technologies … Projects starting, e. g. DECARBit (IGCC power plant) Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

Commercial CCS projects (Statoil - 2006) (Statoil - 1996) (BP, Statoil, Sonatrach - 2004) (Encana - 2000) Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

Shell, Statoil - Draugen (Norway), EOR Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

BP: Peterhead (Scotland), EOR + H 2 Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

Power plants with CCS: pilot, demo, commercial • Schwarze Pumpe • Oxy–fuel • IGCC • 350 MWel • 2. 6 t. CO 2/y Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

ETP ZEP - European Technology Platform for Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Power Plants q In ETPs stakeholders define R&D priorities, time frames and action plans, on strategic issues q ETP ZEP (2005) gathers energy companies, equipment suppliers, oil/gas businesses, and NGOs q It aims at: „enabling zero CO 2 emissions from European fossil fuel power plants by 2020“ Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

Objective of the ZEP Flagship Program q q q Urgently implementing 10 -12 integrated, full-scale CCS demonstration projects EUwide Developing new concepts for demo by 2010 -15 and implementation beyond 2020 Kick-starting the CO 2 value chain with urgent short- and long-term commercial incentives Establishing a regulatory framework for CO 2 transport and geological storage Gaining public support via a comprehensive public information campaign Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

Timeline of the ZEP Flagship Program Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

Technology portfolio of Flagship Program Portfolio of 10 -12 demo plants provide confidence to scale up CCS Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

Funding of Flagship Program Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

Funding of Flagship Program Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

Funding of Flagship Program Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

Funding of Flagship Program Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

Funding of Flagship Program Additional funding (€ 6 -10 bn for 400 MW plants) • From whom? • In what form? • How allocated? Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

Challenges of Flagship Program q The EU will not achieve its CO 2 emission targets without CCS. q CCS will not be commercially viable by 2020 without an EU Flagship Program. An EU Flagship Program will not happen without stable market-based funding mechanisms to cover the high additional capital and operational costs of the first full-scale CCS demo projects q Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

EC January 2008 energy package - Goals q To bring about a 20% cut in EU greenhouse gas emissions by 2020, and to be ready to step up to 30% with an international agreement. q To reach 20% of energy use through renewables by 2020. q To reach 10% of use of sustainable biofuels in transportation. q Estimated cost: 0. 5% of GDP by 2020. Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

EC Jan 2008 energy package - Implementation q New Emissions Trading System for big industry emitters (from 2013, with auctioned allowances) q Specific, binding national targets outside ETS (buildings, transport, agriculture, waste) q Active promotion of renewables, with binding national targets, and certification for biofuels. q „New rules to stimulate carbon capture and storage, tomorrow's technology to cut emissions“. q New state aid rules. Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

EC Jan 2008 energy package – 2020 targets Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

EC Jan 2008 energy package - CCS q Inclusion of CO 2 captured and safely stored in ETS q EU Industrial Initiative on CCS as a base for the coordination, transparency and visibility of demos q Development of CCS infrastructure q Promotion of cooperation with China, India, OECD q Finances for CCS q q q Decisive role of industry early financial commitment New legal grounds for state aid to CCS demo projects Additional sources of financing Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

… a happy end? ! ETP ZEP Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

Carbon dioxide capture and storage to mitigate climate change Marco Mazzotti Institute of Process Engineering ETH Zurich – Zurich, Switzerland Global Task Force on CCS Inaugural meeting February 14, 2008 Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008

DECARBit – Enabling advanced pre-combustion capture techiques and plants Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

DECARBit – Enabling advanced pre-combustion capture techiques and plants Budget: 15. 5 m€ (EC: 10. 2 m€) Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

European Union 7 th Framework Program for R & TD, 2007 -13 Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

Total EU GHG emissions by sector 2005 Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

EU Emissions Trading system Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

Geographical distribution of CO 2 emissions Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

Aquifers: Sleipner project (Statoil, Norway) Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

Aquifers: Sleipner project (Statoil) ~ 1000 m CO 2 separation from gas CO 2 injection into the Utsira aquifer ~ 2500 m ~ 3000 m Natural gas with ~8% CO 2 Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

In-Salah (BP, Statoil, Sonatrach-Algeria) Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

Vattenfall: Schwarze Pumpe (D), 30 MWth oxy-fuel power plant + CCS Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti

Statoil: Snøhvit (Norway), Global Task Force on CCS – February 14, 2008 Marco Mazzotti