MARCH 13 2019 DATA CENTRE WORLD LONDON Elastic

MARCH 13, 2019 | DATA CENTRE WORLD - LONDON Elastic Critical Infrastructure Intelligent data needs intelligent power

Why Elastic? Elastic Critical Infrastructure October 3, 2020 Slide 2

Why Elastic? Elastic Critical Infrastructure IT Equipment: Variable load and deployment October 3, 2020 Slide 3

Why Elastic? Elastic Critical Infrastructure Building Fabric Fixed size High Cost October 3, 2020 Slide 4

Why Elastic? Elastic Critical Infrastructure Utility Incomer: Fixed Size and high cost October 3, 2020 Slide 5

Why Elastic? Elastic Critical Infrastructure Medium Voltage Switchgear: Can be modular and scalable October 3, 2020 Slide 6

Why Elastic? Elastic Critical Infrastructure Generator & UPS: Highly modular and scalable October 3, 2020 Slide 7

Why Elastic? Elastic Critical Infrastructure LV Switchgear: Can be scalable if designed correctly October 3, 2020 Slide 8

Why Elastic? Elastic Critical Infrastructure Intelligent design = smart savings October 3, 2020 Slide 9

Architectures: 2 N System Elastic Critical Infrastructure 1. 5 MW UPS 1. 5 MW IT LOAD Maximum 50% utilisation factor October 3, 2020 Slide 12

Architectures: 2 N System Elastic Critical Infrastructure 500 k. W UPS Output Board 500 k. W UPS Output Board 1. 5 MW IT LOAD Smaller blocks = better utilisation? October 3, 2020 Slide 13 500 k. W

Architectures: 2 N System Elastic Critical Infrastructure 500 k. W UPS Output Board Slide 14 500 k. W UPS Output Board 500 k. W IT LOAD October 3, 2020 500 k. W

Architectures: 2 N System Elastic Critical Infrastructure 500 k. W UPS Output Board Slide 15 500 k. W UPS Output Board 1. 0 MW IT LOAD October 3, 2020 500 k. W

Architectures: 2 N System Elastic Critical Infrastructure 500 k. W UPS Output Board 500 k. W UPS Output Board 1. 5 MW IT LOAD Maximum 50% utilisation factor October 3, 2020 Slide 16 500 k. W

Architectures: Distributed Redundant Elastic Critical Infrastructure Divide the load into smaller groups 66% utilisation 500 k. W 250 k. W IT LOAD Slide 17 250 k. W IT LOAD October 3, 2020 500 k. W

Architectures: 2 N System Elastic Critical Infrastructure A-B A 4 to make 3 Dist Red • UPS = 1. 5 x load • UF = 66. 6% • 6 load groups B A-D B-C A-C B-D C October 3, 2020 Slide 18 D

Architectures: 2 N System Elastic Critical Infrastructure Load 5 to make 4 Dist Red • UPS = 1. 3 x load • UF = 75% • 10 load groups Load Load October 3, 2020 Slide 19 Load

Architectures: 2 N System Elastic Critical Infrastructure 7 to make 6 Dist Red • UPS = 1. 17 x load • UF = 86% • 21 load groups October 3, 2020 Slide 20 21 Load Groups!!

Architectures: Distributed Redundant Elastic Critical Infrastructure Demand on UPS systems varies as IT load changes 500 k. W 250 k. W IT LOAD: A - B 250 k. W IT LOAD: A - C 250 k. W IT LOAD: A - D 250 k. W IT LOAD: B - C 250 k. W IT LOAD: B - D 250 k. W IT LOAD: C - D October 3, 2020 Slide 21 500 k. W

Architectures: Distributed Redundant Elastic Critical Infrastructure …but with varying loads you could end up with stranded capacity once the building is full 80% 55% 60% 250 k. W IT LOAD: A - B 250 k. W IT LOAD: A - C 250 k. W IT LOAD: A - D 250 k. W IT LOAD: B - C 250 k. W IT LOAD: B - D 250 k. W IT LOAD: C - D October 3, 2020 Slide 22 40%

Architectures: Distributed Redundant Elastic Critical Infrastructure Utilising modular or scalable UPS can alleviate stranded capacity in UPS systems by right-sizing 250 k. W IT LOAD: A - B 250 k. W IT LOAD: A - C 250 k. W IT LOAD: A - D 250 k. W IT LOAD: B - C 250 k. W IT LOAD: B - D 250 k. W IT LOAD: C - D October 3, 2020 Slide 23

Modular UPS ― Centralized architecture Elastic Critical Infrastructure Centralized Modular UPS Battery Rectifier input DISPLAY CONCERNS …. Centralized/Shared Control logic = RELIABILITY Power module = = Bypass input = – Traditional modular UPS design – Centralized control logic, static switch etc. , in UPS frame, shared by all power modules – Active UPS frame design – similar to system control cabinet (SCC) – Several single points of failure Power module October 3, 2020 = = Output to critical load

Modular UPS ― Decentralized Parallel Architecture Elastic Critical Infrastructure Decentralized Modular UPS CONCERNS …. = = Rectifier input = Control logic DISPLAY UPS module Output to critical load Battery = = = RELIABILITY = Control logic DISPLAY UPS module = = = Control logic DISPLAY UPS module = October 3, 2020 Bypass input = – Latest generation modular design – Decentralized control logic, static switch etc. , separate in each power module – Active power module is a complete UPS – Passive frame design – no shared components – High availability – Any UPS can be the logic leader (multimaster system) – Eliminates single points of failure

Transformer: Fault levels Elastic Critical Infrastructure Utilising modular or scalable UPS can alleviate stranded capacity in UPS systems by right-sizing 250 k. W IT LOAD: A - B 250 k. W IT LOAD: A - C 250 k. W IT LOAD: A - D 250 k. W IT LOAD: B - C 250 k. W IT LOAD: B - D 250 k. W IT LOAD: C - D October 3, 2020 Slide 26

Transformer: Fault levels Elastic Critical Infrastructure Large single transformer means lower cost? ? October 3, 2020 Slide 27 Large single transformer means high fault level

Transformer: Impedance Elastic Critical Infrastructure Increasing impedance of transformers is one way of reducing fault levels… …but peak to rms ratio will increase …and increase cost and lead time October 3, 2020 Slide 28 Peak / DC offset Steady State

Transformer: Fault levels Elastic Critical Infrastructure Large single transformer means lower cost? ? October 3, 2020 Slide 29 Large single transformer means high fault level

Transformer: Fault levels Elastic Critical Infrastructure Fault Level significantly reduced – up to 40% saving on ACB costs October 3, 2020 Slide 30

By p ro All-in-one Solutions for LV devices du ct s Elastic Critical Infrastructure ● PLC Interface relays ● Protection Multifunctional relays ● ● ATS ● Synchronizer Embedded Single protection relays ● Logic ● Control unit ● Synchro check Current Sensors ● ● Cloud gateway ● Field gateway Multimeters ● Voltage sensors ● Measurement October 3, 2020 Slide 31 Network analyzer ● ● Energy management platform Connectivity

Transformer: Fault levels Elastic Critical Infrastructure October 3, 2020 Slide 32

Transformer: Fault levels Elastic Critical Infrastructure • • • October 3, 2020 Ring vs Radial Fixed vs Withdrawable Modification to protection Slide 33

Smart assemblies, like Uni. Gear Digital Elastic Critical Infrastructure October 3, 2020 Slide 34

Smart assemblies, like Uni. Gear Digital Elastic Critical Infrastructure MV sensors October 3, 2020 Slide 35 Standards Current sensors • IEC 60044 -8 (2002) • IEC 61869 -10 (NEW) • IEEE PSIM Working Group • CSA Available Electronic current transformers Voltage sensors • IEC 60044 -7 (1999) • IEC 61869 -11 (NEW) • IEEE PSIM Working Group • CSA Available Electronic voltage transformers

How to make systems Elastic? Elastic Critical Infrastructure Standardi se October 3, 2020 Slide 36 Make scalable systems Make Smart

How to make systems Elastic? Elastic Critical Infrastructure Leverage deep component visibility with automation October 3, 2020 Slide 37

Paul Johnson Segment Leader UK – Data Centres paul. johnson@gb. abb. com +44 7718 323 508 October 3, 2020 Slide 38