Maps for Marine Litter Micro Litter Seabed Litter

Maps for Marine Litter (Micro. Litter & Seabed Litter) and Beach Litter European Commission Morgan Le Moigne, François Galgani – Ifremer Loïk Kerambrun, CEDRE May 15 -19 th 2017 EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste 1

Plan • Marine Litter Main Origins & localisations • D 10 – Marine Litter in MSFD • D 10 - Monitoring Programmes • Seabed Litter, Beach Litter, Microplastics : May 15 th -19 th, 2017 Ø Protocol(s) Ø Item List (s) Ø Maps examples EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste 2

Marine Litter Main Origins & localisations Terrestrial origin 80% on the shoreline 70 %o 15 % on Seasurface nt Maritim origin 20% he Sea flo or Source : http: //Onml. fr May 15 th -19 th, 2017 EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste 3

D 10 – Marine Litter in MSFD ‘‘Properties and quantities of marine litter do not cause harm to the coastal and marine environment’’ - TSG-ML – D 10 C 1 (primary): abundance, spatial distribution and qualitative composition of litter on the shore, in the water column, at sea surface and on the seafloor – D 10 C 2 (primary): abundance, spatial distribution and qualitative composition of micro litter on the shore, at sea surface and in seafloor sediment – D 10 C 3 (secondary): Trends in the amount and composition of litter ingested by marine mammals – D 10 C 4 (secondary) : Entanglement by fauna May 15 th -19 th, 2017 EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste 4

D 10 - Monitoring Programmes Seabed Litter Floating Litter Macrolitter Fish Bottom Trawl Surveys Microlitter Manta trawl (EVHOE 2015) Microlitter sample (EVHOE 2015) Mattress (EVHOE 2015) May 15 th -19 th, 2017 EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste 5

D 10 - Monitoring Programmes Beach Litter ingested Entanglement Macrolitter Jan van Franeker, IMARES Rhodes, 2016 Microlitter in a i r e t i Cr t n e m p develo g n i t Star in 8 1 0 2 e c n Fra Rhodes, 2016 May 15 th -19 th, 2017 EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste 6

D 10 - Monitoring Programmes • ML size ranges in monitoring programmes Lippiatt et al. 2013 May 15 th -19 th, 2017 EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste 7

SEABED LITTER May 15 th -19 th, 2017 EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste 8

Fish bottom trawl surveys Seabed Litter TG-ML Protocol Trawling End Trawling start 1 - Ship sorting room 2 - Sort and weight 3 - Counting & size May 15 th -19 th, 2017 EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste 9

Seabed Litter Protocol • OSPAR area IBTS protocol based on ICES survey protocols : – Different Trawlers : GOV (Baltic. Sea, North Sea, English Channel, North Bay of Biscay) and Bak (Portugal& Spain) – “IBTS” List • Mediterranean area MEDITS protocol – Trawler used : GOC – “MEDITS” List May 15 th -19 th, 2017 EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste 10

Seabed Litter Protocol OSPAR, IA, 2017 MEDITS sampling Scheme (GCFM areas) May 15 th -19 th, 2017 EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste 11

Seabed Litter List of Categories & items ol c o t ro p S IBT egories s 6 cat ategorie bc u s 39 l o c o t pro S T I MED egories 7 cat tegories ca b u s 27 EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste 12

Seabed Litter IBTS&MEDITS Lists vs Master List TSG-ML Not in the TSG-ML • How to create Maps ? – Using the Master List? – Keeping different lists ? May 15 th -19 th, 2017 EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste 13

Seabed Litter Maps examples • Galgani et al, MSFD - IA – 2012 Ø Density Nb/ha May 15 th -19 th, 2017 EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste 14

Seabed Litter Maps examples • Seabed distribution of marine debris in the greater North Sea collected during a routine ground-fish survey by the Netherlands, for fisheries management purposes. Much of the debris found in this region can be attributed to fisheries (IMARES). May 15 th -19 th, 2017 EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste 15

Seabed Litter Maps examples • Galgani et al, 2000 Ø Isoconcentration curves EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste 16

Seabed Litter Maps examples • C. Ioakeimidis et al. (2014) Ø Density Items/km² May 15 th -19 th, 2017 EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste 17

Seabed Litter Maps examples • OSPAR – Intermediate Assessment - 2017 Map of smoothed total counts (A) and smoothed plastics counts (B) in OSPAR region II, III and the northern part of region IV (portugal and Spain excluded) May 15 th -19 th, 2017 EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste 18

Seabed Litter Maps examples • M. Moriarty et al. (2015) Ø Interpolated distribution map of Litter = Probability of encountering litter within the survey area, based on presence/absence data May 15 th -19 th, 2017 EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste 19

BEACH LITTER May 15 th -19 th, 2017 EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste 20

Survey from water edge to the back of beach. (Source: OSPAR, Commission, 2010 a. ) Beach Litter Protocol = OSPAR Guidelines 1 beach Survey form area : 1 km m > 50 c Litter Macro 4 times / year Mandatory (TSG-ML, 2013) 100 m area : All Litter collected Quadrats : Collection Microplastics Collection 2018 Identification Counts of items - Mandatory Weight or Volume – non mandatory May 15 th -19 th, 2017 EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste 21

Beach Litter Protocol = OSPAR Guidelines ha hc Beac cs isti r e t c ra May 15 th -19 th, 2017 items EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste P de gui o t o h 22

Beach Litter OSPAR List vs Master List TSG-ML OSPAR : 12 classes • • • TSG 10 : 9 classes Plastic / Polystyrène (54 items) Artificial polymer materials (92 items) Rubber (4 items) Rubber (10 items) Paper / Cardboard (10 items) Cloth (5 items) Cloth / textile (9 items) Paper / Cardboard (9 items) Wood (processed / worked) (11 items) Wood (machined) (9 items) Metal (21 items) Metal (15 items) Glass / ceramics (10 items) Glass (3 items) Other (3 items) Pottery / Ceramics (3 items) Sanitary waste (6 items) Microparticle (Artificial polymer mat. ) Medical waste (3 items) Faeces (1 item) Other pollutants (2 items) OSPAR: 121 items TSG: 166 items (+ m. P) Source: L. Kerambrun - Cedre May 15 th -19 th, 2017 EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste 23

Beach Litter Maps examples • MSFD - Initial Status 2011 – France - SRM Manche Mer du Nord May 15 th -19 th, 2017 EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste 24

Beach Litter Maps examples • Litterbase - AWI May 15 th -19 th, 2017 EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste 25

Beach Litter Maps examples • S. E. Nelms et al. 2017 May 15 th -19 th, 2017 EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste 26

MICROLITTER May 15 th -19 th, 2017 EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste 27

MICROLITTER Protocol • Manta/Bongo trawling • Implemented: – During Fish bottom trawl surveys – During specific surveys by NGOs, Associations May 15 th -19 th, 2017 EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste 28

MICROLITTER Protocol 1 - Sample decantation 2 - Sifting 3 - Sorting of samples by size class 4 – Counting binocular loupe 5 – Drying & Weighing with precision balance May 15 th -19 th, 2017 O. Gerigny, Ifremer LER/PAC EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste 29

MICROLITTER TG-ML List EMODnet addings EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste 30

MICROLITTER Maps examples • Galgani et al. , 2012 – MSFD Initial Assessment 1 survey in 2010 Ø Density Number/km² EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste 31

MICROLITTER Maps examples • Galgani et al. , 2012 – MSFD Initial Assessment 1 survey in 2010 Ø Density Weight/km² EMODnet Chemistry - Kick off Meeting - Trieste 32