Mapping the Danube River and Impacts of the

Mapping the Danube River and Impacts of the Gabcikovo Water Project by Kristi Shaw

Data Sources • Digital Chart of the World • University of New Hampshire/GRDC Global Composite Runoff Data Set (v 1. 0) – Basin Data • Potential Simulated Topological Networks (STN 30 P) • Global River Discharge Database (Riv. Dis 1. 1) • USGS EROS Data Center Hydro 1 K Elevation Derivative Database • Europe Atlas CD (2000)

Digital Elevation Model (taken from USGS Hydro 1 Europe Dataset)

Mapping the Danube River using Arc View 3. 2 • Selected countries in Digital Chart of the World • Ponet (polygon), Dnnet (arc), Dnpoint converted to shapefiles • Category: Projections of the World • Type: Geographic • Map Units: Decimal Degrees

Comparison of DCW Basin with UNH/GRDC STN-30 p Basin • UNH/GRDC Potential Simulated Topological Networks (30 minute spatial grid system) and UNH/GRDC Composite Runoff Fields • Danube river and tributaries shapefiles provided by Europe Atlas CD (special thanks to Mustafa Akcay)

Selecting for the Danube River Network • Tributaries: Inn, Morava, Mura, Drava, Sava, Tisza, Mures, Olt, Siret, Prut • Removed all unrelated rivers using start editing tool and • Using Geoprocessing extension to merge river themes from each country into one theme

Network Connectivity using Arc Info 8. 0 • • Created new personal geodatabase and then followed with new feature dataset (selecting Geographic Coordinates in GCS_WGS_1984 projections) Coverage to geodatabase from Merge 1. shp (danube 1) adding two sinks in Arc. Map Geometric Network Wizard (danube 1, outlet (sink)) Danubegeo_junctions created

Danube River with Tributaries (with river network)

Geographic Projection of Danube River and River Stations • • Projection Utility Wizard (Geographic Projection with GCS North American 1927 Datum) Selected Danube Stations (points) from UNH Riv. Dis 1. 1 – did not coincide with river (line)

Danube River Stations and Elevations

Danube River Stations with December 1984 Flow Rates (m 3/sec)

Danube River Stations (Min Flow Rate, Station Name, Max Flow Rate)

Gabcikovo Water Project Approximately 100 miles

Original Danube River (with Gabcikovo Water Project)

Opposing Views • Hungary – Gabcikovo would adversely affect water quality increasing deposits of polluted clay in reduced flow regions – Lowering of water table – Danube villages flooded – Ceased involvement 1989 – Change international boundary (trading tariffs(? )) • Slovakia – Guarantee 95% minimum flow rate along original Danube – Hydroelectric-power station provided nearly 2 billion KWH electrical energy during first year – Replenish flow in river reaches near reservoir – Significant financial investment

Alternative C (I) • After discussion and deliberation, Alternative C began construction in July 1991

Alternative C (II) • Reservoir • Connection Dike (Dam) • Headrace Canal • Gabcikovo River Step (hydroelectric power station and two navigation locks

Gabcikovo Water Project – Reduced to approximately 30 miles

Gabcikovo Structure

Opposing Perspectives

Limiting Factors • Flow Data unavailable for post-1992 (to compare effects of the Gabcikovo project) • Lack of scientific evidence available regarding effects of the Gabcikovo • Language barrier • Data available often did not include reference datum and/or projection

Questions