Mapping Earths Surface Table of Contents Exploring Earths
Mapping Earth’s Surface Table of Contents Exploring Earth’s Surface Models of Earth Maps and Computers Topographic Maps
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Exploring Earth’s Surface Topography The route of the Lewis and Clark expedition crossed regions that differed greatly in elevation, relief, and landforms.
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Exploring Earth’s Surface Types of Landforms There are three main types of landforms: plains, mountains, and plateaus.
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Exploring Earth’s Surface Types of Landforms A large area of land where the topography is made up of mainly one type of landform is called a landform region.
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Exploring Earth’s Surface Comparing and Contrasting As you read, compare and contrast the characteristics of landforms by completing a table like the one below. Characteristics of Landforms Landform Elevation Relief Plain Low Mountain High Plateau High Low
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Exploring Earth’s Surface Links on Landforms Click the Sci. Links button for links on landforms.
Mapping Earth’s Surface End of Section: Exploring Earth’s Surface
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Models of Earth Maps and Globes Maps and globes are drawn to scale and use symbols to represent topography and other features on Earth’s surface.
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Models of Earth Scales and Ratios A ratio compares two numbers by division. For example, the scale of a map given as a ratio is 1: 250, 000. At this scale, the distance between two points on the map measures 23. 5 cm. How would you find the actual distance? 1. Write the scale as a fraction. 2. Write a proportion. Let d represent the distance between the two points. 3. Write the cross products. 1 X d = 250, 000 X 23. 5 cm d = 5, 875, 000 cm
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Models of Earth Scales and Ratios Practice Problem A map’s scale is 1: 25, 000. If two points are 4. 7 cm apart on the map, how far apart are they on the ground? 117, 500 cm or 1. 175 km; (1 X d = 25, 000 X 4. 7 cm) or (25, 000 X 4. 7 cm)
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Models of Earth An Earth Reference System Distances around circles are measured in degrees.
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Models of Earth An Earth Reference System The equator and prime meridian divide Earth’s surface into hemispheres.
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Models of Earth Locating Points on Earth’s Surface The lines of latitude and longitude form a grid that can be used to find locations anywhere on Earth.
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Models of Earth Locating Points on Earth’s Surface Every point on Earth’s surface has a particular latitude and longitude.
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Models of Earth Map Projections A Mercator projection is based on a cylinder with grid lines that has been flattened. On a Mercator projection, lines of longitude are parallel, so shapes near the poles are distorted.
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Models of Earth Map Projections An equal-area projection shows areas correctly, but distorts some shapes around its edges.
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Models of Earth Map Projections A conic projection is based on a cone that covers part of Earth and is then rolled out flat. A conic projection’s grid is formed from straight lines of longitude and curved lines of latitude.
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Models of Earth Asking Questions Before you read, preview the red headings. In a graphic organizer like the one below, ask a question for each heading. As you read, write answers to your questions. Question Answer What is meant by an Earth reference system? Just like a checkerboard, a grid system is needed to locate points on Earth. How do you locate points on Earth’s surface? Lines of latitude and longitude can be used to locate any place. Why are there different types of map projections? Different types are useful for different purposes.
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Models of Earth Latitude and Longitude Click the Video button to watch a movie about latitude and longitude.
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Models of Earth Links on Latitude and Longitude Click the Sci. Links button for links on latitude and longitude.
Mapping Earth’s Surface End of Section: Models of Earth
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Maps and Computers Identifying Main Ideas As you read the section “Maps and Computers, ” write the main idea in a graphic organizer like the one below. Then write three supporting details that further explain the main idea. Main Idea Computers use digitized data to make maps. Detail Digitizing is converting the location of map points to numbers. Much of the data is gathered by satellites. The Global Positioning System (GPS) is used to find latitude, longitude, and elevation.
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Maps and Computers More on Satellite Mapping Click the PHSchool. com button for an activity about satellite mapping.
Mapping Earth’s Surface End of Section: Maps and Computers
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Topographic Maps Mapping Earth’s Topography Mapmakers use contour lines to represent elevation, relief, and slope on topographic maps.
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Topographic Maps Topographic Map Activity Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about topographic maps.
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Topographic Maps Reading a Topographic Map To read a topographic map, you must familiarize yourself with the map’s scale and symbols and interpret the map’s contour lines.
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Topographic Maps Mapping Elevation Data The map shows the elevation data points on which the contour lines are based. Study the map and the map key, then answer the questions.
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Topographic Maps Mapping Elevation Data Reading Maps: What is the contour interval on this map? 100 feet
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Topographic Maps Mapping Elevation Data Reading Maps: What color are the lowest points on the map? What range of elevations do these points represent? Yellow; points below 1, 200 feet.
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Topographic Maps Mapping Elevation Data Reading Maps: What color are the highest points on the map? What range of elevations do these points represent? Red; 1, 500 feet or above.
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Topographic Maps Mapping Elevation Data Applying Concepts: What is the elevation of the contour line labeled A? 1, 300 feet
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Topographic Maps Mapping Elevation Data Inferring: Is the area between B and C a ridge or a valley? How can you tell? Valley; contour lines curve uphill.
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Topographic Maps Mapping Elevation Data Interpreting Data: Describe how elevation changes along the trail from point D to point C. At point D, elevation is above 1, 500 feet. It then decreases to about midway along the trail where elevation is less than 1, 400 feet. Elevation then increases again to point C, which is above 1, 500 feet.
Mapping Earth’s Surface - Topographic Maps Using Prior Knowledge Before you read, write what you know about topographic maps in a graphic organizer like the one below. As you read, write what you learn. 1. 2. 3. What You Know Some maps show where mountains and plains are. Many people use maps to plan a trip or hike in unfamiliar areas. What You Learned Mapmakers use contour lines to represent elevation, relief, and slope on topographic maps A map’s scale and symbols can help you to interpret the map’s contour lines. Topographic maps have many uses in science and engineering, business, government, and everyday life.
Mapping Earth’s Surface End of Section: Topographic Maps
Mapping Earth’s Surface Graphic Organizer Landforms include Mountains Plains with High elevation, high relief Plateaus which may be with Coastal Interior with Low elevation, low relief Low to high elevation, low relief High elevation, low relief
Mapping Earth’s Surface End of Section: Graphic Organizer
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