Mapping Earths Surface Earths Surface Earths surface has

Mapping Earth’s Surface

Earth’s Surface • Earth’s surface has many features that make it complicated to understand. 1. Its not flat but round. 2. Its not smooth but has landforms that determine topography. • mountains, valleys, plateaus, and plains. • To help make better sense of our earth we use different kinds to maps that each have similar features.

Map Features and Types • All Maps have similar features: – Bar Scale – Compass – Reference Lines • There also three different kinds of Maps used to represent Earth’s surface: 1. Globe 2. Map 3. Grid

Bar Scales • Maps are drawn to scale and use symbols to represent topography and other features on Earth’s surface. – Scale – relates distance on a map to the actual distance on Earth’s surface. • Given as a ratio - (1: 25, 000) – For every 1 unit on the map = 25, 000 units on the ground.

Reading and Using a Bar Scale A. B. Bar Scale A: 1. What is the ratio? Bar Scale B: 1. What is the ratio: 2. What is the scale? 1: 62, 500 1 inch = 1 mile 3. If I measured 3 inches, how many miles would this actually represent? 1: 100, 000 1 cm = 1 Km 3. If I wanted to put 5. 5 km on the map, how many cm 3 mi would I use? 5. 5 cm

Compass • A compass is used to show the direction one location is in relation to another. – The equator is the line imaginary line that separates North from South. – The Prime Meridian is the imaginary line that separates East from West. North NW NE West East SW SE South

Determining Direction From Ithaca, what direction is: • • New York City: SE Elmira: SW Rochester: NW Albany: NE From New York City, what direction is: • Albany: N • Buffalo: NW

Reference Lines • To find a location on a map reference lines are used to find intersecting coordinates: – Equator – an imaginary line that runs half way between the North and South Poles (0° N or S), horizontally • Northern Hemisphere – the half of the sphere above the equator. • Southern Hemisphere – the half of the sphere below the equator – Prime Meridian – an imaginary line separates Eastern and Western Hemispheres. (0° E or W), vertically • Cuts through Greenwich, England.

Labeling Reference Points Northern Hemisphere Western Hemisphere Eastern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere

Reference Lines • Latitude – Distances north or south of the equator. – Equator = 0° – North Pole = 90° N – South Pole = 90° S • Longitude – Distances east or west of the Prime Meridian – Prime Meridian = 0° – Separated by 15° intervals = 360° • 24 total meridian lines – Each meridian line = 1 hr of time

Longitude & Latitude North 90° 60° South 30° 180° 150° 120° 90° 60° 30° West 30° 60° 90° 120° 150° 180° East

Understanding Reference Points • • What are the coordinates for A? 20° S, 100° E What are the coordinates for B? 80° N, 0° What letter is found at 0°, 140° W? C What letter is found at 40° N, 60° E? E