Mapping After School Review Commack High School Latitude

Mapping After School Review Commack High School

Latitude & Longitude Cardinal Directions North East West South Never eat shredded wheat! K. Corbisiero 2010

Latitude • Horizontal lines • North or South of the equator • Equator is 0° and Poles are 90° • Latitude is based on the altitude of Polaris (Northern hemisphere only) • Polaris is the North Star K. Corbisiero 2010

Latitude Equatorial and polar views: K. Corbisiero 2010

Latitude Equatorial and polar views: K. Corbisiero 2010

Latitude Draw the 30 S latitude line through Birdsville. K. Corbisiero 2010

Polaris (North Star) • Altitude of Polaris equals your latitude in the Northern Hemisphere • At latitude 0°, Polaris’ altitude is 0°. • At 90°N, Polaris’ altitude is 90° CAN NOT see Polaris from • You ______ the Southern Hemisphere! K. Corbisiero 2010

Polaris (North Star) What is the latitude of the observer below? _____ 20°N K. Corbisiero 2010

Longitude • Vertical Lines • East or West of the Prime Meridian • Prime Meridian is 0°, International Date Line is 180°. • Longitude is based on observations of the Sun and gives us time zones K. Corbisiero 2010

Longitude • Equatorial and polar views: K. Corbisiero 2010

Longitude • Equatorial and polar views: K. Corbisiero 2010

Longitude Draw a line for the longitude of the X below. K. Corbisiero 2010

Compare Latitude & Longitude Latitude Slices Longitude Wedges

Coordinates Writing Coordinates • Latitude is ALWAYS written first! • Must include the hemisphere! • Longitude Direction spells WE across the Prime Meridian. K. Corbisiero 2010

Determine the coordinates of the following locations: Northridge __________ 34°N, 118. 5°W Bakersfield __________ 35. 5°N, 119°W San Diego __________ 32. 5°N, 117. 5°W K. Corbisiero 2010

North West

Use page 3 of your ESRT’s to determine the coordinates: Mt. Marcy __________ 44° 05’N, 73° 58’W Niagara Falls __________ 43° 10’N, 79° 01’W K. Corbisiero 2010

Reading Coordinates - Pages 3, 4, & 5 ESRT’s Write the names of the following locations using NYS map: 43° 05’N, 76° 05’W 42°N, 74° 25’W 40° 55’N, 72° 40’W Syracuse, NY ___________________ Slide Mountain __________ Riverhead, NY K. Corbisiero 2010

NE NW SE SW

Name the following locations using your ESRT’s (pg 5): 35°S, 160°E ____________ Tasman Hot Spot 20°N, 155°W ____________ Hawaii Hot Spot 0°, 98°W ____________ Galapagos Hot Spot K. Corbisiero 2010

On the diagram, place an X at 15 S, 30 W. X K. Corbisiero 2010

Time Zones Solar Noon – Sun reaches highest altitude in the sky. Points on same line of longitude have same solar time. Local Time – the time for a specific area or location. Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) – the time at the Prime Meridian. Rate of Rotation = 15°/hr – Earth rotates 360° in 24 hrs. Every 15° = 1 hour Move left, time decreases Move right, time increases K. Corbisiero 2010

Time Zones in the US: When it is 1 a. m. in NYC what time is it in Denver? _________ 11 p. m. When it is 10 a. m. in San Francisco what time is it in Dallas? 12 Noon _________ NOTE: Never write 12 a. m. or p. m. !! Only write 12 noon or 12 midnight! K. Corbisiero 2010

If it is 4 p. m. at point B, what time is it at point A? _____ 12 Noon If it was 3 a. m. at point A, what time would it be at point B? _______ 7 a. m. K. Corbisiero 2010

Isolines connect points of equal value. Isolines never cross! They can be: temperature (isotherms), pressure (isobars), elevation (contour lines), and any value that can be mapped. All higher values are on one side of the line, all lower values are on the other. Intervals (what they increase by) can vary. Lines should always be drawn to the edge of the map. K. Corbisiero 2010

Draw the isoline for the depth of the water at an interval of 10 feet starting with 10. K. Corbisiero 2010

Calculating Gradient Equation Page 1 ESRT’s • Field Value will be whatever the isolines represent (if there any). Use whatever diagram they provide to you. Use the map scale to determine the distance. K. Corbisiero 2010

Calculate the gradient between points A & D of the ocean floor: Gradient = change in field distance = 16, 000 ft- 8000 ft 900 miles – 100 miles K. Corbisiero 2010 = 10 ft/mile

Calculate the pressure gradient between points A and B below: Gradient = G = change in field distance = 1016 mb – 1000 mb 1000 km =. 016 mb/km What is the pressure interval? 4 mb ________ What is the lowest possible pressure in the center of the low pressure system? ___________ 981 mb What is the highest possible pressure in the center of the high pressure system? _______ 1023 mb K. Corbisiero 2010

Topographic Maps A topographic map is a 2 -D representation of a 3 -D surface area. K. Corbisiero 2010

Streams – two ways to determine direction it flows: 1. Always flow from high to low elevation 2. Contour lines bend upstream, flow is opposite. What direction are the two rivers flowing? East K. Corbisiero 2010

Steepness of slope: Closer lines = steeper Which side of the mountain is steeper, East or West? West K. Corbisiero 2010

Depressions are shown using hachure marks. 60 The first hachure is always the same value as the line before it. K. Corbisiero 2010

Profiles – a side view -Line a piece of paper up along D-E -Be sure D is on the left! -Mark a spot on the paper starting at D and ending at E, where each contour line hits it. -Label the elevation at each mark. -Streams do NOT count as a mark! x NOTE: profiles can go up, down (or both), and can go below the surface (underwater) K. Corbisiero 2010 x x x

10 meters 1. What is the elevation at point A? _______ West 2. What direction is Amethyst River flowing? _______ K. Corbisiero 2010

3. Is copper creek flowing faster between points M & N or K & L? ______________ M&N M & N has steeper slope 4. How do you know? _____________ K. Corbisiero 2010

5. Is the East or West side of the island steeper? _________ East 6. What is the highest elevation of the island? _________ 29 meters K. Corbisiero 2010

7. What is the lowest elevation of the depression? _______ 1 meter 50 meters 8. What is the index line interval? _________ K. Corbisiero 2010

9. Determine the gradient between points B and C. G = change in field distance = 50 m – 10 m 2 km K. Corbisiero 2010 = 20 m/km

The End