Mapping 101 Part 1 How maps are made

Mapping 101 Part 1: How maps are made Geography 7 & 8

Warm-up Activity In groups of 4, put together the different continents to create a World map.

Warm-Up Activity What problems did you encounter when trying to put your maps together to form a World map?

Projections are used to turn a sphere (the Earth) into something flat (a map) Projections cause distortion to the shape of objects on Earth

Map with lots of distortion Africa is actually 14 times bigger than Greenland but they appear to be about the same size on this Mercator Projection map.

Map with less distortion Robinson equal-area projection: The relative sizes of the continents are more realistic in this map projection.

Distortion & Map Projections Jacobsen orthographic Gall-Peters cylindrical Different projections give continents different shapes and sizes Lambert azimuthal

Projections There are 3 types of projections: Cylindrical Conical Azimuthal (Planar) When (or where) do we use the different projections?

3 D to 2 D: How do they do it?

World Map

Weird World Map?

Mapping 101: Elements of a Map Geography 7 & 8

What are the different elements of a map? Image Coordinate System Projection Scale Legend

Images used for maps

Coordinate Systems Coordinate systems help us find locations around the globe Lines of latitude go around the globe Lines of longitude go up and down the globe

Projections There are 3 types of projections: Cylindrical Conical Azimuthal (Planar)

Scale is the ratio of a distance on the map to the actual distance on the Earth Scale is usually shown in the legend

Map Legends are important as they explain the symbols used on maps. Different maps have different kinds of legends.

Map Legends

Symbols & Lines for Our Map We must agree upon symbols for our World map. We need symbols for: We need lines for: Water bodies Mountain Ranges Capital cities Major cities Etc. Latitude Longitude Equator Arctic Circle Country borders Provincial & Territorial borders (Canada only) Etc.

Mapping 101: How do we use maps? Geography 7 & 8

How do we use maps? Try to think of the different ways in which maps can be used.

How are maps used? To show political boundaries (country maps) To navigate (road maps) To show physical features (mountains, rivers) To map changes over time (growth of cities) To track weather events (hurricanes, To monitor environmental impacts (deforestation) Etc.

Maps of Canada Relief Map (shows elevation) Language Map (shows Aboriginal Languages of Canada & Alaska)

New Maps: Landsat Satellite Images

New Maps: Radarsat Satellite Images

Urban Sprawl in Las Vegas, 1984 -2000

Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill, 2010

Forest Fires, California