Manner of Articulation LIN 3201 4 Parameters for

Manner of Articulation LIN 3201

4 Parameters for Describing Sounds 1. Airstream Mechanism l 2. State of the Glottis l 3. Vocal fold state - wide open, vibrating – that affects airstream Manner of Articulation l 4. How/From where air is initiated, direction of airflow How air is shaped in airstream Place of Articulation l Where air is shaped in airstream

Manner of Articulation What we do to the airstream to constrict, obstruct or shape it producing different types of sound qualities

The airstream as a 4 dimensional tube Vertical Dimension – how close articulating organs get to one another 2. Transverse Dimension – is the sound obstructed centrally or laterally (which side? ) 3. Time – momentary obstruction or maintainable obstruction 4. Longitudinal – place or site of obstruction 1.

Stops (Plosives) l Air is obstructed by stopping air at place of articulation l Greatest degree of obstruction l Maintainable & central obstruction l Oral & Nasal Stops ¡ Oral Stops – Velum blocks nasal cavity; air lows through mouth only; [p], [d], [k] ¡ Nasal Stops – Velum is lowered; air flows through mouth and nose; [m], [n]

[m] Gimson & Cruttenden, 1994 [b]

Fricatives l Air is obstructed less than a stop l Air flows through articulators so that friction is created in articulation l Maintainable stricture type l Examples [f], [v], [s] & [z]