MANIFEST DESTINY Themes Pioneers Independence of Texas Mexican

MANIFEST DESTINY

Themes � � � Pioneers Independence of Texas Mexican War

Western Pioneers � � � Discuss the invention that made it easier to farm the Great Plains. Analyze why Americans were willing to give up their lives in the East to move to the West. Explain the actions Congress made to help squatters acquire land.

West � � � John Louis O’ Sullivan Squatter Preemption Act 1830 Inventions 1. 2. 3. Iron plow - Jethro Wood Steel plow – John Deere Mechanical reaper – Cyrus Mc. Cormick

Pacific Coast � Oregon 1. 2. Joint claims Missionaries California � 1. 2. Mexican Independence (1821) John Sutter (50, 000 acres) Trappers � 1. 2. 3. Beaver Frontier life Trails – Oregon, Californian, Santa Fe Overlanders Indians � � 1. 2. 3. Trade Buffalo Treaty of Ft. Laramie

C. Mormons � � � Religious freedom Brigham Young Great Salt Lake – “Deseret”

Chapter 9. 1 Review Questions � � � How did Congress protect squatters? Why did Native Americans begin to fear American settlers who migrated West? Why was the Mormon Trail important to western settlement?

Independence for Texas

Americans � � Tejanos Mexican Policy Citizenship 2. Mexican law 3. Roman Catholicism 1. � National Colonization Act empresarios 2. Stephen Austin – Washington-on-the-Brazos 1. � Rebellion Haden & Benjamin Edwards 2. Fredonia 3. Mexican Reaction 1.

Texas War for Independence � Texas Conventions 1832 & 1833 1832 – petition the Mexican government 1833 – more aggressive (Coahuila) 1. 2. � � Negotiations – Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Battle of Gonzales first victory “Come and Take It” 1. 2. � � Sam Houston Battle of the Alamo 1. 2. � � � William B. Travis Significance Goliad Battle of San Jacinto Annexation

Chapter 9. 2 Questions � � Why did the Mexican government close its borders to American immigration? Why did Texas declare their independence from Mexico?

III. Mexican War

Territorial Dispute � � � Louisiana Purchase President John Tyler Mexico Stance on Texas

Election of 1844 � � Publicity campaign Election 1844 1. 2. 3. � � Texas (1845) Border Dispute 1. 2. � Henry Clay & Martin Van Buren James K. Polk “Fifty Four Forty or Fight” Nueces River Rio Grande River John Slidell

War with Mexico � � � General Zachary Taylor “American blood has been shed on American soil” Three Pronge Strategy 1. 2. 3. � � � Zach Taylor Santa Fe Mexico City Call for volunteers Stephen Kearny John C. Fremont – Bear Flag Republic General Winfield Scott Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo

Chapter 9. 3 Review Questions � � � Why was war with Mexico inevitable? How did Texas and Oregon enter the Union? What were the provisions of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?