MANIFEST DESTINY JOHN OSULLIVAN 1845 WESTWARD THE COURSE

MANIFEST DESTINY – JOHN O’SULLIVAN 1845 “WESTWARD THE COURSE OF EMPIRE” OBJ: TO UNDERSTAND FORCES THAT CONTRIBUTED TO EVENTS WHICH LED TO SECTIONAL DIVISION BY 1850 “Westward the Course of Empire” E. Leutze 1862

I. RISE & FALL OF M. VAN BUREN A. WHIG STRATEGY – SPLIT THE VOTE, HOUSE B. DEM STRATEGY – JACKSON 2. 0 C. PANIC 1837 1. JAX ECO POLICIES 2. RAMPANT LAND SPECULATION 3. SPECIE CIRCULAR 4. U. K. BANK FAILURES 5. UNEMPLOYMENT & BANKRUPTCIES UP AND PRICES DECIMATED D. INDEPENDENT TREASURY – SEPARATION OF GOVERNMENT & BANKING – HOLD $$ & DISPENSE TO STATE BANKS E. GAG RULE – 1836 -1844 1. ABOLITIONIST RHETORIC ON THE RISE 2. MAILINGS BY THE THOUSANDS 3. CONGRESSIONAL PETITIONS

II. ELECTION 1840 LOG CABIN CAMPAIGN A. MVB – PANIC HURT CHANCES B. WHH – WAR HERO & WOULD DO WHAT CLAY & WEBSTER WANTED C. “TIPPICANOE & TYLER TOO” D. COMPLETION OF 2 ND PARTY SYSTEM: = SUPPORT SLAVE & FREE NAT’L PARTY SYSTEM REALIZED VOTER TURNOUT 80%

III. PRESIDENT W/O A PARTY • ONLY A WHIG DUE TO HATRED OF A. J. • A. AGENDA • 1. VETO BANK & TARIFF BILLS • 2. EXPELLED, CABINET RESIGNED, NEW ONE FILLED WITH SOUTHERN STATES’ RIGHTS ADVOCATES • 3. WEBSTER ASHBURTON TREATY 1842 GOTTA LOVE MOIRA ROSE

4. WESTWARD EXPANSION a. OREGON • POPULATION, TERRITORY, ECO-NOMY ALL INCREASED • PERMANENT INDIAN FRONTIER TO ONE BIG RESERVATION • ‘GO WEST, YOUNG MAN’ b. TEXAS • 1821 MX INDEPENDENCE • AMERICAN MIGRATION TO TX • MX POLITICAL PROBLEMS • “REMEMBER THE ALAMO” • 1836 INDEPENDENT TX • LONE STAR REPUBLIC

c. TEXAS IS SO BIG IT NEEDS 2 SLIDES 1. TX WANTS IN BUT, WHAT’S THE ISSUE? 2. JCC SEC STATE GETS TREATY – DENIED 3. ELECTION OF 1844 – ISSUE IS * 54” 40° OR FIGHT • EXPANSIONIST DEMS UNIFIED • EXPANSION HOT TOPIC FOR DEMS • TYLER, POLK, CLAY, BIRNEY LIBERTY • 4. TYLER ANNEXES THROUGH JOINT SESSION – TX SKIPPED TERRITORIAL PHASE

IV. POLK PRESIDENCY A. MEXICAN WAR 1845 -1848 1. CRITICS: LINCOLN, THOREAU, CLAY 2. TERRITORIAL EXPANSION • $30 MILLION TO PURCHASE • TROOPS TO BORDER • GUNFIRE • DECLARATION OF WAR 3. TREATY OF GUADALUPE HIDALGO 2/2/48 • RIO GRANDE, CEDE NM & CA, US PAY DEBT TO MX

B. REPERCUSSIONS 1. DEMISE 2 ND PARTY SYSTEM? 2. WILMOT PROVISO 1846: “NO SLAVERY IN THE TERRITORIES 3. CALHOUN MEMO 1847: PROPERTY CAN GO WHERE OWNER TAKES IT 4. EXTEND 36’ 30 ? ﹾ 5. POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY? L. CASS

V. ELECTION 1848 A. TAYLOR (W) CASS (D) VAN BUREN (FREE SOIL) • SLAVERY CHANGED DYNAMICS • GOLD IN CALIFORNIA • STATEHOOD? ? ? SLAVERY? ? ? • B. CLAY’S LAST CONTRIBUTION • COMPROMISE 1850 OR OMNIBUS BILL • 1. CALIFORNIA FREE • 2. ASSUME TEXAS DEBT • 3. STRONGER FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW • 4. NO SLAVE TRADE IN D. C. • 5. N. M POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY