Manfred Krammer Chairman of ECFA HEPHY Vienna ICHEP

Manfred Krammer Chairman of ECFA HEPHY, Vienna ICHEP, Valencia, July 7, 2014 Accelerator Facilities in Europe Particle Physics Facilities in Europe and Future Strategy 1

ICHEP, Valencia, July 7, 2014 Accelerator Facilities in Europe Current accelerator facilities for particle physics in Europe 2

Try to give a rough overview. Information taken from the TIARA Infrastructure Survey report (February 2013) and the RECFA country visits. Accelerator Facilities in Europe Very large number of accelerators for science operating in Europe: • Small accelerators, e. g. tandems • Mid-size accelerators, e. g. cyclotrons and synchrotrons • 3 rd generation synchrotron sources • High energy and high intensity machines • Many national institutes and universities involved in particle accelerator R&D ICHEP, Valencia, July 7, 2014 Accelerator facilities in Europe 3

Facilities in Europe (CERN member states) Medium/Low energy accelerators Accelerator R&D Accelerator Facilities in Europe 3 rd Generation synchrotron light source ICHEP, Valencia, July 7, 2014 Accelerators for particle physics 4

Accelerator Facilities in Europe CERN, Geneva, CH • Large Hadron Collider (LHC), pp 14 Te. V • Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), 450 Ge. V • Proton Synchrotron (PS), 26 Ge. V • Antiproton Decelerator (AD) 3. 5 Ge. V 100 Me. V • Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR), 72 Me. V PSI, Villingen, CH • Proton Cyclotron 590 Me. V, 2. 4 m. A, 1. 4 MW ! LNF, Frascati, I • DAΦNE e+e-, 510 Me. V, L= 4. 5 1032 cm-2 s-1, 1 A e+, 1. 5 A e • 800 Me. V e linear accelerator • SPARC 150 Me. V e linac, high power injector DESY, Hamburg, D • DESY II, e+, e-, 6 Ge. V (test beam facility) GSI, Darmstadt, D • UNILAC heavy ion linear accelerator • SIS 18 heavy Ion synchrotron • ESR experimental storage ring 3 -830 Me. V/u (Ne) ICHEP, Valencia, July 7, 2014 Accelerators for particle physics 5

JINR, Dubna: Nuclotron-M, up to 4. 5 Ge. V/n, under construction NICA, Elab. ~ (8 – 60) Ge. V/n IHEP, Protvino: U 70 p Synchrotron, 50/60 Ge. V ITEP, Moscow: TWAC facility and U 10, proton-ion accelerator-accumulator facility, p 10 Ge. V BINP, Novosibirsk: VEPP-3, VEPP-2000, VEPP-4 M, e+e- 2 Ge. V and 11 Ge. V Ecm Accelerator Facilities in Europe Russia Federation applied to become associate member state of CERN JINR Dubna and CERN discuss reciprocal observer status ICHEP, Valencia, July 7, 2014 Russian Federation and JINR Dubna 6

ICHEP, Valencia, July 7, 2014 Accelerator Facilities in Europe Visions of the community in Europe for the future accelerator based facilities for particle physics 7

First “official” strategy approved by the CERN Council 14 th July 2006. It contains 17 statements on scientific and organizational matters. Strategy Update in 2012/2013: • Open Symposium (Kracow), September 2012 • Scientific Briefing Book*, December 2012 • Strategy Group drafting session (Erice), January 2013 • CERN Council formally adopts the Strategy, May 30 2013 At a special European Strategy Session of Council in Brussels * http: //europeanstrategygroup. web. cern. ch/europeanstrategygroup/Briefing_book. pd f Accelerator Facilities in Europe has a strategy! ICHEP, Valencia, July 7, 2014 The European Strategy for Particle Physics 8

• Excerpt from the Strategy Update Official text highlighted, interpretations are my own, however trying to reflect the consensus. • Explain how the strategy is already fully implemented. ICHEP, Valencia, July 7, 2014 Accelerator Facilities in Europe The Update of the European Strategy 2013 and its implementation. 9

4 High priority Large-Scale Scientific Activities identified Accelerator Facilities in Europe The strategy update had to find a balance between maintaining the diversity of the scientific program and setting priorities since the available resources are limited. • Only large scale projects are prioritized • Competitive small and medium size projects (national, regional) are important to keep the diversity of our field, since a breakthrough often emerges in unexpected areas ICHEP, Valencia, July 7, 2014 Large-Scale Scientific Activities Pursuing all 4 activities: there is a logical time line – peak investments not at the same time – and a difference in the scale of the involvement. 10 After careful analysis of many possible large-scale scientific activities requiring significant resources, sizeable collaborations and sustained commitment, the following four activities have been identified as carrying the highest priority.

The strategy recommends to go for the full LHC upgrade, i. e. a target integrated luminosity of 3 ab-1. Major interventions necessary for the LHC machine, large upgrade project of the experiments, contributions from other regions than Europe are crucial. This is the next big challenge for particle physics world-wide. Accelerator Facilities in Europe c). . . Europe’s top priority should be the exploitation of the full potential of the LHC, including the high-luminosity upgrade of the machine and detectors with a view to collecting ten times more data than in the initial design, by around 2030. … ICHEP, Valencia, July 7, 2014 1 - LHC and HL-LHC 11

n e r a e t fu ! e ur The strategy recommends to go for the full LHC upgrade, i. e. a target integrated luminosity of 3 ab-1. h t Major interventions necessary for the LHC machine, large upgrade project r ofrom other regions than Europe are f of the experiments, contributions e crucial. m m a This is the next big challenge for particle physics world-wide. r g o r P Accelerator Facilities in Europe c). . . Europe’s top priority should be the exploitation of the full potential of the LHC, including the high-luminosity upgrade of the machine and detectors with a view to collecting ten times more data than in the initial design, by around 2030. … ICHEP, Valencia, July 7, 2014 1 - LHC and HL-LHC 12

Large progress by the experiments (several upgrade TDRs in preparation) Common meetings of the four LHC experiments, together with the accelerator and theory communities 1 st Workshop: 1 -3 Oct. 2013 Aix-les-Bains, F 2 nd Workshop: 21 -23 Oct. 2014 Aix-les-Bains, F Workshop Summary Document: ECFA/13/284 http: //cds. cern. ch/record/1631032/ Accelerator Facilities in Europe HL-LHC construction included in CERN medium-term plan 2015 -19, approved by the CERN Council in June 2014! ICHEP, Valencia, July 7, 2014 Implementation: HL-LHC 13 http: //indico. cern. ch/event/252045/ http: //indico. cern. ch/event/315626/

Europe has a vision for CERNs future as the laboratory at the energy frontier. Possible post-LHC machines are CLIC, HE-LHC, FCC-hh, FCC-ee (as a precursor for FCC-hh) More scientific input is needed before one can decide on a next large machine at CERN. Accelerator Facilities in Europe d) … CERN should undertake design studies for accelerator projects in a global context, with emphasis on proton-proton and electron-positron high -energy frontier machines … ICHEP, Valencia, July 7, 2014 2 - Design studies and R&D for post-LHC projects 14

Accelerator Facilities in Europe 5 3 ! 0 e 2 > m s Europe has a vision for CERNs future asm the laboratory at the energy c i a s r frontier. y g h o r p FCC-hh, FCC-ee (as a Possible post-LHC machines are CLIC, HE-LHC, p r o precursor for FCC-hh) e f imis needed w More scientifictinput before one can decide on a next large o n machine n at g CERN. e o r L pa e r P d) … CERN should undertake design studies for accelerator projects in a global context, with emphasis on proton-proton and electron-positron high -energy frontier machines … ICHEP, Valencia, July 7, 2014 2 - Design studies and R&D for post-LHC projects 15

Conceptual Design Report published in 2012: CERN-2012 -003, ar. Xiv: 1202. 5940, CERN-2012005, ar. Xiv: 1209. 2543 Prove of principle of two beam acceleration demonstrated! Study continues as part of the LC organisation. Accelerator Facilities in Europe Two beam acceleration: low energy, high current drive beam powers RF cavities of main linac (cavities ~100 MV/m), e+e- energy up to 3 Te. V c. m. in stages. ICHEP, Valencia, July 7, 2014 Implementation: Study on CLIC 16

Scope of the 5 year study: • FCC-hh: 100 Te. V pp-collider ~16 T dipoles 100 km ~20 T dipoles 80 km pp defines the requirements for the infrastructure • FCC-ee: 350 Ge. V e+e- collider As a possible intermediate step • FCC-he: included as option • Infrastructure in Geneva area Accelerator Facilities in Europe Launch of a new international study, Kick-off meeting 12 -15 February 2014 University of Geneva http: //indico. cern. ch/event/282344/ ICHEP, Valencia, July 7, 2014 Implementation: Study on Future Circular Colliders 17

This is a strong statement in favor of the ILC and in particular of the Japanese initiative. The European strategy supports a machine with an initial energy of 250 Ge. V to perform Higgs studies and sees the energy upgradability of the ILC as major asset! TDR for the ILC submitted 2013: http: //www. linearcollider. org/ILC/Publications/Technical-Design-Report Europe is the largest community in the LC Organisation. Accelerator Facilities in Europe e) There is a strong scientific case for an electron-positron collider … European groups are eager to participate. Europe looks forward to a proposal from Japan to discuss a possible participation. ICHEP, Valencia, July 7, 2014 3 - International Linear Collider (ILC) Implementation: Work on ILC (machine and detectors) continues in many European institutes with support by CERN (e. g. hosting the LC Directorate). 18

a r g t t of theex This is a strong statement in favor of the ILC and in particular o t n e e Japanese initiative. p h o t o r r e P with r energy of 250 Eu anfinitial The European strategy supports a machine o e m m Ge. V to perform Higgs studies and sees the energy upgradability of the ILC b o r r f d e t ents C an as major asset! m st 2013: m L-LH TDR for the ILCisubmitted u e d H N. v http: //www. linearcollider. org/ILC/Publications/Technical-Design-Report r e n i community e t f ER LC Organisation. f Europe is the largest M ak o e a atin. Cthe e com lity P i Implementation: l c l i aand detectors) continues in many European f w (machine Work on ILC e g r institutes with la support by CERN (e. g. hosting the LC Directorate). Accelerator Facilities in Europe ! e m m he e) There is a strong scientific case for an electron-positron collider … European groups are eager to participate. Europe looks forward to a proposal from Japan to discuss a possible participation. ILC ICHEP, Valencia, July 7, 2014 3 - International Linear Collider (ILC) 19

It is important to reconstitute a neutrino physics activity at CERN, in order to provide technical expertise, support and focus for Europe to play a leading role in the forthcoming experiments – not necessarily hosted in Europe. Implementation: CERN is setting up a Neutrino Platform to support European contributions for neutrino facilities in the US and Asia: • • • Extension of the experimental area of the SPS complex (CERN North area), charged beam for detector development Detector R&D for neutrino experiments: liquid Argon technology Lot of expertise for this technology in Europe Prepare detectors at CERN for transport and installment in the US First detector to be refurbished at CERN is ICARUS Accelerator Facilities in Europe f) … CERN should develop a neutrino programme to pave the way for a substantial European role in future long-baseline experiments. Europe should explore the possibility of major participation in leading longbaseline neutrino projects in the US and Japan. ICHEP, Valencia, July 7, 2014 4 - Neutrino Programme 20

• Theory • Unique small and mid-size experiments (studying quark flavour physics, dipole moments, precision measurements at lower energies with neutrons, muons and antiprotons, etc. ) • Instrumentation, state-of-the-art infrastructure at CERN, large scale data -intensive computing • Non-accelerator experiments at the overlap with astroparticle physics. Accelerator Facilities in Europe Statements g) to k) of the Strategy Update define other scientific activities which are essential for HEP, but do not need a prioritization. These are: ICHEP, Valencia, July 7, 2014 Other Scientific Activities • Research at the boundary between particle and nuclear physics. 21

Four high-priority large-scale activities identified. • High-Luminosity LHC • R&D for a future machine at CERN • Participation in the ILC in Japan • Support for European neutrino community Europe has a clear vision and strategy for the future! The program is challenging, but not unrealistic. The European strategy is fully implemented! The next update of the European strategy is foreseen in about 5 years. Accelerator Facilities in Europe The Strategy Update is the result of a systematic and exhaustive discussion involving the whole particle physics community in Europe and elsewhere. In all the discussions science was placed first! ICHEP, Valencia, July 7, 2014 Summary 22

ICHEP, Valencia, July 7, 2014 Accelerator Facilities in Europe Opinion of the community in Europe on the globalisation and global coordination of the facilities 23

• • D 0 and CDF at Fermilab Ba. Bar at SLAC Belle and Belle II at KEK Neutrino experiments in Japan and US 2. LHC and HL-LHC are global projects in Europe 3. Large involvement of European colleagues in the ILC planned in Japan and the emerging support for the neutrino programme in the US. Accelerator Facilities in Europe 1. European participation and contributions to projects outside Europe have a long tradition. Just a few recent examples: ICHEP, Valencia, July 7, 2014 Considering the following facts: 24

l) Future major facilities in Europe and elsewhere require collaboration on a global scale. CERN should be the framework within which to organise a global particle physics accelerator project in Europe, and should also be the leading European partner in global particle physics accelerator projects elsewhere…. Recommendation from Working Group 2 of the European Strategy Group. Discussion on organizational structure for the European participation in global projects. ICHEP, Valencia, July 7, 2014 In particular statement l): Accelerator Facilities in Europe 4. Statements in the Update of the European Strategy clearly underline the importance of internationalization 25

ICHEP, Valencia, July 7, 2014 Accelerator Facilities in Europe Taking note of 1. – 4. there shouldn’t be any doubt left that the European particle physics community (and the funding agencies) support and engage in the internationalization of large scale facilities across continents. 26

Physics is universal - Particle Physics is global! ICHEP, Valencia, July 7, 2014 Accelerator Facilities in Europe Taking note of 1. – 4. there shouldn’t be any doubt left that the European particle physics community (and the funding agencies) support and engage in the internationalization of large scale facilities across continents. 27