Mandatory Offerings Leviticus 4 7 Mandatory Offerings Introductory

Mandatory Offerings Leviticus 4 -7

Mandatory Offerings • Introductory Thoughts • Commands Not Burdensome – To Original Audience • Emphasis Through Leviticus 1 -7 • Leviticus 1 -3 – Emphasizes Procedure for Freewill Offerings • Leviticus 4: 1 -6: 7 – Emphasizes Occasion for Mandatory Offerings • Leviticus 6: 8 -7: 39 – Emphasizes Special Instructions for Priests • Outline of Section • Sin Offerings (4: 1 -5: 13) • Guilt Offerings (5: 14 -6: 7) • Instructions for Priests (6: 8 -7: 39)

Mandatory Offerings “I’m Sorry” Voluntary Offerings “Thank You” Offering Materials of Offering Purpose Burnt 1: 3 -17 6: 8 -13 • • • Bull Ram/Goats Birds • Grain 2: 1 -16 6: 14 -23 • • Fine Flour Olive Oil Frankincense Salt • Peace 3: 1 -17 7: 11 -36 • • Cattle Sheep/Goats Sin 4: 1 -5: 13 6: 24 -30 • • Guilt 5: 14 -6: 7 7: 1 -6 • • • Priestly Portions General Atonement Prayers, Petitions, Praise • • Thanksgiving for Firstfruits Mirrors Offering It Accompanies Yes No • Fellowship With God & One Another Yes 7: 31 -35 Cattle Sheep/Goats Birds Flour • • Unintentional Sin Offering to Become “Clean” (12: 7 -8; 14: 19 -20) Yes; When Sin Isn’t Committed by Priest or Whole Congregation No Cattle Sheep/Goats Birds • Atonement for Specific Types of Sin Yes No • • Nothing Eaten Kept the Hide (7: 8) Offeror Portions No

Sin Offering (4: 1 -5: 13) • Introduction to Sin Offering (4: 1 -2) • “The Lord Spoke…” (Introducing New Section) • For Unintentional Sins (Not For “High Handed” Sins – Num. 15: 30 -31) • Aware of Law, But Didn’t Realize It Was Broken (cf. Gen. 20: 2 -7) • Unaware of Law (cf. Psalm 19: 13) • Misled to Do Wrong Thing, Thinking it Was Right (cf. Lev. 19: 23 -25) • Meaning of Sin • Hebrew = Chata – “To Miss the Mark” (Determined by God) • “ 700 chosen men who were left-handed; every one could sling a stone at a hair and not miss. ” Judges 20: 16) • Burnt Offering Atoned for Sin Generally (1: 4), This is For Specific Sins • Same Offering Used for Ritual Uncleanness • After Touching Something Unclean (Leviticus 5: 2 -3) • After a Mother Gives Birth (Leviticus 12: 6 -8) • To Cleanse a Leper (Leviticus 14: 19) • Some Prefer to Call it a “Purification Offering” • Sin & Impurity Both Defile & Require Purification (Lev. 16: 19, 30)

Sin Offering (4: 1 -5: 13) • High Priest / Anointed Priest (vs. 3 -12) • Seriousness (vs. 3) • “Thus Brining Guilt on the People” (Great Spiritual Impact When Priest Sins) • Can Only Bring a Bull (Most Costly Animal) • Procedure (vs. 4 -12) • Blood Sprinkled on the Veil & Horns of Incense Altar (vs. 7 -8) • Fat, Kidneys, & Lobe of Liver Burned (Like Peace Offering) • The Rest Was Burned Outside Camp (vs. 11 -12) • High Priest Must Not Benefit From His Sin • Foreshadows Jesus’ Experience Outside the Camp (Hebrews 13: 11 -13) • Whole Nation (vs. 13 -21) • Corporate Sin of Nation (vs. 13) • Possible the High Priest Led Nation Into Sin? (cf. 4: 3) • Whole Groups Must Acknowledge Sin When Appropriate • Deception of Gibeonites (Joshua 9) • Prayers Regarding Exile (Lamentations; Daniel 9) • Seven Churches of Asia (Revelation 2 -3) • Procedure: Same As When High Priest Sins, But Elders Lay Hands on Bull

Sin Offering (4: 1 -5: 13) • A Leader (vs. 22 -26) • Non-Priest Leader (King/Prophet/Tribal Head/Elder) • Male Goat • Blood Applied to Brazen Altar • Officiating Priest Can Eat Meat (cf. Lev. 6: 25 -26) • An Israelite (vs. 27 -35) • Israelite Bringing a Goat (vs. 27 -31) • Israelite Bringing a Sheep (vs. 32 -35) • Offering Results in Forgiveness (vs. 20, 26, 31, 35) • Bulls/Goats Couldn’t Forgive (Heb. 10: 4) • Forgiveness Based on Future Work of Jesus

Sin Offering (4: 1 -5: 13) • When Sin Offerings Were Required (5: 1 -4) • Failure to Testify in Court (vs. 1) • Doesn’t Say Reason for Not Testifying • Duty of a Witness to Come Forward (Sin of Silence) • Contacting Unclean Animal/Person (vs. 2 -3) • Not Wrong to Be Unclean, But Wrong to Leave it Unaddressed • Rash Oath (vs. 4; cf. Mark 14: 71) • Confession & Offering (5: 5 -6) • Confess: “To Say the Same Words” • Confession Necessary for Forgiveness • Confession Doesn’t Remove Penalty (vs. 6)

Sin Offering (4: 1 -5: 13) • “If He Cannot Afford a Lamb… “ (5: 7 -13) • Birds (vs. 7 -10) • Two Pigeons or Two Turtledoves (vs. 7) • First: Wring Head; Blood Sprinkled on Altar (vs. 8 -9) • Second: Offered as a Burnt Offering (vs. 10) • It Takes Two Birds Follow Procedure of One Bull/Goat/Sheep • Disposal of Blood • Burning of Organs/Fat • Fine Flour (vs. 11 -13) • • Tenth of an Ephah (2. 2 Liters; Omer in Ex. 16: 36) Even the Poorest Could Glean (Leviticus 23: 22) “Under the law almost everything is purified with blood…” (Hebrews 9: 22) Unlike Regular Grain Offering, No Oil or Frankincense • God Wanted Everyone to Receive Forgiveness (Poor or Rich)

Sin Offering (4: 1 -5: 13) High Priest / Congregation (4: 3 -21) Leader / Israelite (4: 22 -35) Animal Required • Bull • For Leader: Male Goat • For Israelite: Female Goat or Sheep Blood • Sprinkled 7 Times Before Veil • Put on Horns of Incense Altar • Remainder Poured at Base of Brazen Altar • Put on Horns of Brazen Altar • Remainder Poured at Base of Brazen Altar Officiant High Priest Disposal of Fat & • Fat Burned at Brazen Altar Meat • Meat Burned Outside Camp • Fat Burned on Brazen Altar • Meat Eaten by Priests (6: 24 -30)

Guilt Offering (5: 14 -6: 7) • Introduction to Guilt Offering • When Property is Mishandled • Also Called Reparation Offering (Repairs Damages) • Defrauding God (5: 14 -19) • Known Offense (vs. 14 -16) • Mishandling of Sacred Objects in Tabernacle • Offerings, Tithes, Firstfruits, etc… • “Breach of Faith” (Disloyalty as in Marriage) • Add 1/5 to What Was Mishandled (Amounts to a Double Tithe - 20%) • Unknown Offense (vs. 17 -19) • Someone Realizes/Feels Guilt (Subjective Guilt) • Just Bring a Ram Without Blemish • No Adding 1/5 to Anything, Because Exact Sin Not Known • Ram, or Equivalent Required (vs. 15, 18)

Guilt Offering (5: 14 -6: 7) • Defrauding Neighbor (6: 1 -7) • Circumstances (vs. 1 -3) • Taking Something Entrusted to You (vs. 2 a; cf. 2 Kings 6: 1 -7) • Robbery (vs. 2 b) • Withholding What Belongs to Others (vs. 2 c) • Finding Property & Lying About It (vs. 3) • Nature of Payment (vs. 4 -5) • Repay Item, Plus 20% to the Person Wronged (120% Total) • “And Zacchaeus stood and said to the Lord, ‘Behold, Lord, the half of my goods I give to the poor. And if I have defrauded anyone of anything, I restore it fourfold. ’” (Luke 19: 8) • To Harm Someone’s Property is to Harm the Owner • Offering (vs. 6 -7) • Before Offering, Make Things Right With Others (Mat. 5: 23 -24) • Must Also Bring Ram or Equivalent Guilt Offering

Guilt Offering (5: 14 -6: 7) Text Sin Repayment Offering Result 5: 14 -16 Inadvertent Taking of Holy Things, Thus Profaning Them 120% Ram Forgiveness 5: 17 -19 Unknown Sin, but Profaning of Holy Things Suspected None, Because Sin is Unknown Ram Forgiveness 6: 1 -7 Swearing a False Oath After Defrauding Another, Thus Profaning the Lord’s Name 120% Ram Forgiveness

Laws of Offerings for Priests (6: 8 -7: 38) Addressed to Israelites (1: 1 -6: 7) Addressed to Priests (6: 8 -7: 38) Burnt Offering (1: 3 -16) Continual Burnt Offering (6: 8 -13) Grain Offering (2: 1 -17) Grain Offering (6: 14 -23) Peace Offering (3: 1 -16) Sin Offering (4: 1 -5: 13) Sin Offering (6: 25 b-30) Guilt Offering (5: 14 -6: 7) Guilt Offering (7: 1 -7) Fellowship Offering (7: 11 -36)

Laws of Offerings for Priests (6: 8 -7: 38) • Continual Burnt Offering (6: 8 -13) • Priests Directly Addressed (vs. 8 -9 a) • Priests Have Specific Clothes For Tabernacle (vs. 10 -11) • Brazen Altar Always Burning • Evening Offering Burns All Night (cf. Ex. 29: 38 -42) • Atonement is Always Available (cf. 1 John 1: 7 -9) • Fire = ”Olah” in Hebrew (Related to “Holocaust”) • Priests Are Constantly Working • Grain Offering (6: 14 -23) • Instructions For Handling Israelite Offerings (vs. 14 -18) • Priestly Portion Eaten in Court of Tabernacle (vs. 16) • Instructions for Continual Grain Offering (vs. 19 -23) • Priests Also Bring Grain Offering (Not Above the Law) • Every Priest in Aaron’s Line Must Do This (vs. 22) • Compensated Only for Services Rendered for Others

Laws of Offerings for Priests (6: 8 -7: 38) • Sin Offering (6: 24 -30) • Handling of Vessels Used to Wash Bloodied Garments (vs. 27) • Earthenware Vessels Broken (Blood Soaks Into It) • Bronze Vessel Washed (Blood Doesn’t Soak In) • Eating Instructions (vs. 29 -30) • Prohibition: When Blood is Brought Into Tabernacle (Sin of HP/People) • Guilt Offering (7: 1 -7) • Meat Eaten in “Holy Place” (Courtyard of Tabernacle) • Blood Treated Same as Burnt/Peace Offering • Provisions for Priests (7: 8 -10) • Hide from Burnt Offering Taken by Officiating Priest • Priests Didn’t Have Large Flocks, So Hide Was Helpful to Them • Used for Making Containers/Vessels • Cooked Grain Offering Eaten by Officiating Priest • Uncooked Offerings Shared by All Priests

Laws of Offerings for Priests (6: 8 -7: 38) • Peace Offering (7: 11 -36) Type of Fellowship Offering When Eaten Purpose Thanksgiving (vs. 11 -15) • • • On First Day Remaining Meat Burned Includes Grain Offering To Give Thanks for Specific Acts the Lord Has Done for Offeror Vow (vs. 16 -18) • • On First or Second Day Remaining Meat Burned To Fulfill a Vow in Response to Answered Prayer Freewill (vs. 16 -18) • • On First or Second Day Remaining Meat Burned Voluntary Offering to the Lord • Eating Prohibition (7: 19 -27) • Against Unclean Consumption (7: 19 -21) • Against Fat/Blood (7: 22 -27; cf. 2: 17) • Priest Portion: Breast & Right Thigh (7: 28 -36)

Laws of Offerings for Priests (6: 8 -7: 38) • Conclusion (7: 37 -38) • Summary of Leviticus 6: 8 -7: 36 • First Mention of “Ordination Offering” • Not Discussed in Chapters 1 -7 (Seen in Leviticus 8) • Same Procedure as Fellowship Offering • Instructions Given at Mount Sinai (Contradicts Leviticus 1: 1? ) • Specific Laws for Priests Also Given at Exodus 29: 22 -25? • Still at Base of Sinai, Even though Tabernacle is Assembled? • Aspects of Sin Seen in Offerings • Burnt – The Guilty Deserves to Die • Peace – Sin Severs Relationship With God • Sin – Makes Things Dirty; Cleansed by Blood • Guilt – Causes Debt