Mandate System During World War I Great Britain

Mandate System • During World War I, Great Britain & France agreed to divide up large portions of Ottoman Empire in the Middle East • After the war, “mandate system” gave Great Britain & France control over lands that became: – Iraq, Transjordan, and Palestine (British controlled) – Syria and Lebanon (French controlled). • This division of Ottoman Empire (through mandate system) led to future conflicts in Middle East

Highlight – Britain Highlight – France

THE BIG FOUR

David Lloyd-George [Great Britain] Vittorio Orlando [Italy] Woodrow Wilson [USA] Georges Clemenceau [France]

Woodrow Wilson - USA • President of the USA • Wilson was an idealist and reformer, who wanted to build a better and more peaceful world • He didn’t want the Treaty to be too harsh as he believed this would lead to revenge • He wanted to set up a peace keeping body – The League of Nations • http: //www. brainpop. com/socialstudi es/worldhistory/leagueofnations/zoo m. weml

David Lloyd George – Great Britain • He was a realist • An experienced politician who realized there must be compromise • But the people of Britain wanted revenge • He knew this would lead to war but he represented the people

George Clemenceau - France • Clemenceau had seen France invaded by Germany in 1870 and 1914, he wanted to make sure this would never happen again • France had suffered greatly during the War they wanted compensation and revenge • Uncompromising

Vittorio Orlando - Italy • Wanted land territory for Italy • Walked out of the meeting when he didn’t get his way in April 1919 • Returned to sign the Treaty in May

Wilson’s Plan for Peace President Wilson’s goals for peace after World War I, known as the Fourteen Points, included the following: · an end to secret agreements among nations · freedom of the seas, free trade, and a limit on arms · allow national groups to choose which government they wished to live – concept known as self-determination • 14 th point = League of Nations

WAR GUILT CLAUSE Germany had to accept blame for starting WW 1 NO UNION WITH AUSTRIA REPARATIO NS forced to pay Germany massive fine for war damages - 1, 000, 000 Marks (6. 6 bn pounds). GERMAN OVERSEAS TERRITORRIES Germany lost Chinese ports, Pacific Islands, and African colonies THE TERMS OF THE TREATY VERSAILLES 1919 The Treaty was designed to cripple Germany militarily, territorially and economically GERMANY’S MILITARY FORCES REDUCED - Army restricted to 100, 000 men. - No modern weapons such as tanks, military air OF force. - Navy could not have battle ships over 10, 000 tons and no U-Boats. RHINELAND TO BE DEMILITARISED GERMAN NATIONAL TERRITORY - Germany lost national territory which was given to Belgium and Denmark, most went to Poland. -Alsace-Lorraine returned to the French

The Great War was to see the collapse of four continental empires. These were to be replaced by new nation states.