Managing varying gas qualities with a selfcalibrating multi

Managing varying gas qualities with a self-calibrating multi gas control system GAS SENSOR WORKSHOP 27. 02. 2014 Brussels J. Benthin, F. Burmeister, J. Leicher, A. Giese

Content Ø Introduction Ø Varying Gas Qualities and their Consequences for Industrial Combustion applications Ø Self-calibrating Multi Gas Control System • Basic Principles • Detailed Schematic • System Integration Ø Conclusion Folie: 2

Introduction o The markets for natural gas are changing due to a number of factors o This evolution offers great opportunities with regards to competitiveness, security of supply, flexibility and reduced CO 2 emissions… o … but it also poses new challenges to many combustion applications, especially in the industrial sector. o One consequence: constant gas quality at any given location in the grid can no longer be taken for granted. Folie: 3

Natural Gas Quality Fluctuations (Near Leipzig, End of 2011) Concentration of methane [mole-%] Concentration of other gases [mole-%] Natural Gas Composition (over 3. 5 months) Measurements Folie: 4

Natural Gas Quality Fluctuations (Moirans - France) Quelle: M. de Renty, „Variations de la qualité gaz en France: passé, present et futur…“ Colloque „qualité du gaz“, Association française du gaz, Paris, 2012 Folie: 5

Consequences for Industrial Combustion Applications o Changes in the chemical composition of natural gas may change – physical properties: densities, calorific values, … – minimum air requirements (=> stoichiometry!) – combustion temperatures, flue gas composition – chemical kinetics (flame speed, flame position, stability, …) o …and thus impact – efficiency – emissions (UHC, CO, soot, NOx) – product quality – operational safety, component lifetime, plant integrity Folie: 6

Self-calibrating Multi Gas Control System Folie: 7

ionisation current Basic Principles primary air ratio Folie: 8

lower calorific value [Hi] k. J/mol Basic Principles minimum specific air requirement Folie: 9

Basic Principles - Distributed Gases Folie: 10

Detailed Scheme Ventilator with speed measurement Ionisation Probe Control Valve Density Volume Fow M Luft m T P Lmin Hi V T P Volume Flow measurement Temperature and pressure measurement Mass Flow Measurement (Density) Pilot Burner Folie: 11

System Integration air 1 4 1) Gas Supply 2) Pilot Burner 3) Actuator and Evaluation Unit 4) Control and Measurement Unit V 3 M air m T P V 2 T P Folie: 12

Conclusion Overall price below 5000, - € Real-time capability Easy integration into existing plants Minimized maintenance effort due to a combination of simple and durable technologies o Self-calibrating capability o Suitable to all existing and planned distributed gases in Europe (including biogas, LNG, SNG, H 2 -enriched natural gas) without adjusting the system, only by setting up the system at commissioning o o Folie: 13

Thank you for your attention ! Dipl. -Ing. Jörn Benthin Gas- und Wärme-Institut Essen e. V. Hafenstraße 101 45356 Essen (Germany) Tel. : +49 (0) 201 3618 - 258