MANAGING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FIFTH EDITION CHAPTER 6 ENTERPRISE
- Slides: 48
MANAGING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FIFTH EDITION CHAPTER 6 ENTERPRISE SYSTEMS E. Wainright Martin Carol V. Brown Daniel W. De. Hayes Jeffrey A. Hoffer William C. Perkins
APPLICATION AREAS n Interorganizational Systems e-Business applications ü B 2 C – link businesses with their end consumers ü B 2 B – link businesses with other business customers or suppliers ü Electronic data interchange (EDI) systems © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 2 Page 182
APPLICATION AREAS n Intraorganizational Systems Enterprise systems – support all or most of the organization Managerial support systems – support a specific manager or group of managers © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 3 Figure 6. 1 Types of Application Systems Page 182
CRITICAL CONCEPTS Batch Processing versus Online Processing Batch Processing – group (or batch) of transactions are accumulated, then processed all at one time © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 4 Figure 6. 2 Batch Processing (simplified) Page 183
CRITICAL CONCEPTS Batch Processing versus Online Processing – each transaction is entered directly into computer when it occurs © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 5 Figure 6. 3 Online Processing Page 183
CRITICAL CONCEPTS Batch Processing versus Online Processing n Interactive system – a fully functional online system where computer quickly provides a user response n In-line system – provides for online data entry, but processing of transactions deferred for batch processing © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 6 Figure 6. 1 Types of Application Systems Page 183
CRITICAL CONCEPTS Functional Information Systems n Functional information systems – information systems framework based on organization’s primary business functions Example Business Functions Production © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Marketing Chapter 6 - 7 Accounting Personnel Engineering Page 184
CRITICAL CONCEPTS Vertical Integration of Systems n Vertically integrated information system – serves more than one vertical level in an organization or industry Example Sales System Top Management Long-term trend analysis Middle Management Weekly data analysis to track slow-moving items and productive salespeople Produce invoices Capture initial sales data © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 8 Page 184
CRITICAL CONCEPTS Distributed Systems and Client/Server Systems n Distributed systems – mode of delivery where processing power is distributed to multiple sites, which are then tied together via telecommunication lines Client-server system – a type of distributed system where processing power is distributed between a central server computer and a number of client computers (usually PCs) © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 9 Page 185
CRITICAL CONCEPTS Client/Server Systems Client Server n Handles user interface n Runs on bigger machine n Accesses n Handles data distributed storage for services through a applications … network Databases Web pages Groupware © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 10 Middleware n Software to support clients and server interaction Microsoft Windows 2003 Server Novell Net. Ware UNIX, Linux Page 185
CRITICAL CONCEPTS Client/Server Systems n Two-tier configuration n Three-tier configuration Client Server Application Server Database Server © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 11 Page 186
TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS n Process thousands of transactions each day in most organizations n Examples: sales, payments made and received, inventory shipped and received, paying employees n Typical outputs: invoices, checks, orders, reports n Critical to business operations © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 12 Page 186 -187
TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEMS Payroll System © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 13 Figure 6. 4 Components of a Payroll System Page 187
TRANSACTION PROCESSING Order Entry System SYSTEMS © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 14 Figure 6. 5 Online Order Entry System Page 188
ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING SYSTEMS n Also include transaction processing systems n Set of integrated business applications (modules) that carry out common business functions: General ledger, accounts payable, accounts receivable, material requirements planning, order management, inventory control, human resources management n Usually purchased from software vendor © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 15 Page 188 -189
ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING SYSTEMS n How they differ: 1. ERP modules are integrated 2. ERP modules reflect a particular way of doing business © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 16 Page 189
ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING SYSTEMS n Choosing right software and implementation difficult and expensive n Requires large investment of money and people resources n Leading ERP software vendors: SAP People. Soft, Inc. (bought J. D. Edwards) Oracle Baan © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 17 Page 190
© 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 18
DATA WAREHOUSING n Is the establishment and maintenance of a large data storage facility containing data on all (or at least many) aspects of the enterprise n Provides users data access and analysis capabilities without endangering operational systems © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 19 Page 192
DATA WAREHOUSING n Establishing a data warehouse: Is time-consuming and expensive Requires software tools to: 1. Construct warehouse 2. Operate warehouse 3. Access and analyze data from the warehouse © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 20 Page 192 -193
DATA WAREHOUSING © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 21 Figure 6. 8 Key Elements of Data Warehousing Page 193
CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT n CRM system – provides integrated approach to all aspects of company-customer interaction Marketing Sales Support © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 22 Page 194
CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT CRM market segments: n Traditional out-of-the-box CRM n Traditional CRM with templates for specific vertical industries n Traditional out-of-the-box CRM with application development hooks n Industry-specific vertical CRM packages n Custom solutions from vertical systems integrators © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 23 Page 195 -196
GROUPWARE Groupware – industry term that refers to software designed to support groups by facilitating: • collaboration • communication • coordination © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 24 Page 201
GROUPWARE Typical Features: n Electronic mail n Electronic bulletin boards n Computer conferencing n Electronic calendaring n Group scheduling n Sharing documents n Electronic whiteboards © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 25 n Meeting support systems n Learning management systems n Workflow routing n Electronic forms n Desktop videoconferencing n Instant messaging Page 201
GROUPWARE Software vendors: n n n Lotus Notes Novell Group. Wise Microsoft Exchange Oracle Collaboration Suite Thruport Technologies’ Hot. Office Groove Network’s Groove Workspace © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 26 Page 201
FACTORY AUTOMATION Factory automation – involves numerically controlled machines, which use a computer program or a tape with punched holes, to control movement of tools on machines Material requirements planning (MRP) – uses data input to produce a production schedule for the factory and a schedule of needed raw materials Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) – includes MRP functions, but also has the compute carry out the schedules through control of various machines involved © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 27 Page 207 -208
FACTORY AUTOMATION © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 28 Table 6. 1 Abbreviations Used in Factory Automation Page 208
FACTORY AUTOMATION Engineering Systems n Computer-aided design (CAD) – use of two and threedimensional computer graphics to create and modify engineering designs n Computer-aided engineering (CAE) – system that analyzes functional characteristics of a design and simulates the product performance under various conditions n Group technology (GT) – systems that logically group parts according to physical characteristics, machine routings, and other machine operations n Computer-aided process planning (CAPP) – systems that plan the sequence of processes that produce or assemble a part © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 29 Page 208
FACTORY AUTOMATION Manufacturing Administration n Manufacturing resources planning (MRP II) A system that usually has three components: 1. Master production schedule 2. Material requirements planning 3. Shop floor control Attempts to implement just-in-time (JIT) production Does not directly control machines on the shop floor An information system that tries to minimize inventory and employ machines efficiently and effectively © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 30 Page 208
FACTORY AUTOMATION Manufacturing Administration n Supply chain management (SCM) Systems to deal with distribution and transportation of raw materials and finished products throughout the supply chain Are often interorganizational © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 31 Page 209
http: //www. slideshare. net/Nopporn_Thepsith © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 32
The black arrow represents the flow of materials and information, and the gray arrow represents the flow of information and backhauls. The elements are (a) the initial supplier (vendor or plant), (b) a supplier, (c) a manufacturer (production), (d) a customer, and (e) the final customer. © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 33
FACTORY AUTOMATION Factory Operations n Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) – of computers to control manufacturing processes Series of programs to control equipment on shop floor Includes guiding vehicles to move raw materials and finished products Requires a lot of input from other systems © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 34 use automated Page 209
FACTORY AUTOMATION Robotics – a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) where scientists and engineers build machines to accomplish coordinated physical tasks like humans do © 2005 Pearson Prentice-Hall Chapter 6 - 35 Page 209 -210
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