Managing Emergencies Welldesigned plans before an event will
Managing Emergencies Well-designed plans before an event will aid in system and operational restoration more quickly PPT-074 -01 Bureau of Workers’ Compensation PA Training for Health & Safety (PATHS) 1
Main Topics Bureau of Workers’ Compensation PA Training for Health & Safety (PATHS) Emergency Management Plan Contents Command & Control Event Classifications Action Plans Mapping Protective Actions Special Considerations Response Special Support Borrowing from History Unique Concerns Recovery Mitigation/Prevention PPT-074 -01 2
Generic Emergencies Most of us are used to emergencies. We’ve all suffered: § § § Car trouble Electrical outage Plumbing problems General repairs Other types which are always inconvenient!! PPT-074 -01 3
Types of Emergencies The “Big Ones” fall into 2 categories: Natural, or Man-Made PS: Even the small incidents can disrupt like large ones!!! PPT-074 -01 4
Emergency Management The scope of emergency management in today’s world requires: § § Considering possible events Planning for situations of high probability as well as unique events Providing for resources to meet the event Recovering and restoring to normal PPT-074 -01 5
Facility Model The emergency response cycle for a facility can include: q. Preparation q. Warning q. Relocation q. Mobilization q. Monitoring Services PPT-074 -01 6
Facility Model q. Control/Stabilization q. Close-out/Termination q. Return to Normal Operations q. Damage Assessment & Recovery q. Plan Review & Modification Let’s simplify this…. . PPT-074 -01 7
Emergency Management Cyclic in Nature § § Preparedness Response Recovery Mitigation & Prevention PPT-074 -01 8
Emergency Management Methods § IEMS (Integrated Emergency Management System) § ICS (Incident Command System) PPT-074 -01 9
Plan! PPT-074 -01 10
Aids to Planning Job assignment and identification Guidance Manuals PPT-074 -01 11
Plan Contents § § § Facility Overview Hazards and Hazard Control Safety Systems In-place Emergency Response Organization Levels of Magnitude for Events PPT-074 -01 Plan 12
Plan Contents § § § Communication Contacts Procedures/Action Plans Checklists Plan Administration Staff Training PPT-074 -01 Action Plans 13
Evaluate Emergency Possibilities Analyze your area(s) of responsibility. Ask questions regarding: v What could happen and what would be the results? v How do we meet the needs? v Could your facility exist absent the infrastructure which has been damaged? PPT-074 -01 14
Hazards by Area o Determine Hazards for which procedures should be created. o Internal events or External Hazards which may intrude. o Determine the main agency concerned with response: → → Fire Brigade Spill Team First Aid Team Security PPT-074 -01 Or maybe the “A” Team! 15
Emergencies by Agency Fire Response v. Structures v. Storage v. Processes v. Manufacturing v. Transport (off-loading materials) v. Labs v. Parking lots PPT-074 -01 16
Haz. Mat Response § § Chemical storage Processes Shipping/Receiving Transportation § Labs § Hazardous waste locations § Manufacturing § Environmental events PPT-074 -01 17
Security Disgruntled employees Bomb threats Full power outage Control of mass media Access control for off-site responders § Demonstrations § Securing vacated buildings § Active Shooter events § § § PPT-074 -01 18
Develop Command Control § § § § Duty Assignments Job descriptions When do they report? Where do they go? To whom do they report? Who reports to them? Radio channels PPT-074 -01 19
Emergency Titles and Duties § Incident Commander o Safety o Liaison o Public Information (PIO) § Operations § Planning/Intelligence § Logistics § Finance/Administration PPT-074 -01 20
Facility Emergency Team A facility’s team may also include the following: üSr. Rep of Operations üSr. Manager üHuman resources üPublic relations üEnvironmental üEngineering üLegal PPT-074 -01 21
Expanding the ICS § As the incident magnitude increases, so will the number and types of agencies involved. § Provide for such expansion. § Also provide to rotate out tired staff for fresh crews. PPT-074 -01 22
Locate a Facility EOC Equip with: § Telephones § Radios § Tables/chairs § White boards § Lighting § Backup generator § Locate agencies with similar missions in close proximity PPT-074 -01 23
Event Classifications § § Unusual Event Alert Site Emergency General Emergency Note: You may also reduce the number of levels to three (3), i. e. Ø Level III PPT-074 -01 24
Event Classification Base the event classification on: ØSeverity of event to people. ØSeverity to facility; physically or operationally. ØPotential of condition to spread. ØEffort required to control event. ØEffect event has on the surrounding community. ØNumber and type of additional agencies affected by the event. PPT-074 -01 25
Unusual Event An event has occurred on the facility but does not affect: v v v -Personnel safety -Public safety -The operation of the facility On-site emergency responders only PPT-074 -01 26
Alert An event has occurred on the facility minimally affecting: v v v -Personnel safety -Public safety -The operation of the facility On-site emergency responders with possibility of off-site responders. PPT-074 -01 27
Site Emergency An event has occurred on the facility greatly affecting: v v v -Personnel safety -Off-site public -The operation of the facility • On-site emergency responders along with off-site emergency responders. • Event may be of longer duration. PPT-074 -01 28
General Emergency An event has occurred on the facility posing an imminent threat to: v v v -Site Personnel -Off-site Public safety -The operation of the facility • On-site emergency responders along with off-site emergency responders. • Event will require extreme actions to stabilize. PPT-074 -01 29
Communications Complex events require more complex communications than just dialing 911 PPT-074 -01 30
Communications Provide direct lines. Alternate means. “Rumor Hotlines” Each person’s problem is the most important during an emergency. § Create filters and distribution methods. § Log all messages. § § PPT-074 -01 31
Alternate Communications CB clubs. Radio clubs. Former military staff. Emergency service members § EBS contacts. § Assign a Communications Coordinator and alternate. § § PPT-074 -01 32
Contact Lists § During an emergency: no time to try & find phone numbers or identify responsible persons. § Establish these lists during planning. § Update lists when persons vacate their assignment. PPT-074 -01 33
Action Plans § § Assign an AP Number. Assign an initial event magnitude. Criteria for Implementing. Checklist, by action agency, of those tasks to be implemented. q. Initial call-outs q. Procedures to be reviewed q. Technical information reviewed q. Support procedures PPT-074 -01 34
Action Plan Index: Examples Event 300 Explosions 301 Structures 302 Bulk Product: Liquid or Gas 400 Transportation Accidents 406 Aircraft Accident PPT-074 -01 Level Alert Site Emergency General Emergency 35
Basic Emergency Action Plans Address need for immediate action to protect employees due to the occurrence of lifethreatening or endangering exposure. Examples: Ø Ø Ø Building & Site Evacuation Hazardous Materials Spill Urgent Employee Medical Treatment PPT-074 -01 36
Checklists Design checklists to cut down on written instructions. It is easier to view a graphic than decipher long paragraphs of instructions. PPT-074 -01 37
Continuing Operations § Backup operating records/documents. § Locate secondary/tertiary records to restart operations. § Does your facility have another location to continue operations? § Is there rental property you can obtain? § How do you minimize your down time? PPT-074 -01 38
Command Control § Conduct briefings with agency leaders. § Conduct combined (all agency) briefings. § Brief each on event developments and determine each agency’s required actions. PPT-074 -01 39
Mapping Develop mapping strategies: q. Populated areas q. Evacuation routes/alternates q. Congregate Care Centers q. Road link capabilities Determine security measures for: q. Populations q. Infrastructure locations PPT-074 -01 40
Mapping Facility Target hazards: -Life -Property: q. High value materials q. Safety related equipment q. Bulk/hazardous storage -Important to Plant Operations q. Fire pumps q. Emergency generators -Utilities PPT-074 -01 41
Mapping Individual buildings ØLife hazards/evacuation routes. ØAssembly points for emergency teams. ØAccess points for off-site agencies. ØShutdown logics for equipment/processes. ØEmergency equipment locations. PPT-074 -01 42
Mapping • Use Topographic maps to determine potentially threatened areas. • Also to determine areas subject to flooding. • Plot downwind drift for released gases or vapors. PPT-074 -01 43
Information Logs Create Wall Boards to Log Information: Situation status Resource status PPT-074 -01 44
Disruptions § How would this affect access to your facility? § What’s required to override the problem? PPT-074 -01 45
Protective Actions: Evacuation To where? By what routes? Alternates? How do they get there? Who sets-up the CCC (congregate care center)? § Who provides services? § Will they take pets? ? § § PPT-074 -01 46
Protective Actions: Sheltering § American Red Cross is structured to set-up these shelters. § Staff trained to the needs of the population received. § You might also implement a combination of evacuating and sheltering. PPT-074 -01 47
Impacting Off-Site Locations A release at your facility may directly impact off-site communities. This impact may directly affect you if your neighborhood’s involved. Consider the needs the following events may trigger: PPT-074 -01 48
Special Considerations Transportation Coordinator -Provides transport for various groups. Sheltering Coordinator -Sets-up lodging and registration for moved groups. -Establishes services. PPT-074 -01 49
Where Does a School Go? School concerns: Evacuate or Shelter In-Place? v. Some schools own their buses paid drivers. v. Accessibility to transport is provided. Schools “evacuate” their students each day at a given time. Time of occurrence will determine their destination. PPT-074 -01 50
Student Transport Special security & safety issues. Concerned parents may create traffic problems during an evacuation by going to the school. Buses can also be used for other evacuating population groups. PPT-074 -01 51
Elderly/Infirm Special requirements: §Transport. §Medical Needs. §Contacting family. §The patience to explain the situation. PPT-074 -01 52
Toddlers and Infants Some facilities have Day Care. This presents its own special concerns for evacuation or sheltering. üFeeding üClothing üMedication üAttention spans PPT-074 -01 53
Special Friends § Some shelters do not take pets. § Determine what arrangements have been made for receiving pets. § Some owners are adamant: “If you won’t take my pet, I won’t go!” PPT-074 -01 54
Special Needs Remember, pets are people, too. Some of your employees may also have assist dogs. What food and water provisions are required? PPT-074 -01 55
Rescue § Group rescue for pets. § Evaluate the resources required for this rescue. § List them. § Could your agency provide them in a timely fashion. § How do the demands change if this was a water-borne rescue of people? PPT-074 -01 56
Livestock Animal rescue training available (e. g. Penn State Agricultural Extension). PPT-074 -01 57
Community Volunteers Consider: o. Varying Talents o. Availability o. Training needs o. Equipment needs o. Transport needs PPT-074 -01 58
Community Emergency Response Team Guidance Exists for v. Training v. Assigning v. Equipping v. Communicating PPT-074 -01 59
Existing Agencies Include: ØFire Service ØEMS Service ØPolice Service ØHaz. Mat Teams Magnitude of your event may stress these agencies. PPT-074 -01 60
Train Your Staff! § § § On their duties. Policies. Reporting methods. Communications. Documentation. § Authority assigned. § Emergency actions allowed. § Conduct multi-agency drills to perfect response capabilities. § Critique drills and modify plans. PPT-074 -01 61
Train Your Staff o Conduct multi-agency drills to perfect response capabilities. o Critique drills and modify plans. PPT-074 -01 62
Kits Specialty response kits can be constructed for individuals as well as action teams. When the emergency begins is no time to determine and gather the needed supplies. PPT-074 -01 63
Response § Consider the various emergency types and magnitudes. § Match resources which may be required for each type. § Allow for rotation of responders and the need for additional resources. § Also consider: “What if we have an emergency and nobody shows up to help? ” PPT-074 -01 64
Fire Emergencies § § Processes, Single buildings, Industrial complexes, Unique facilities. o Evacuation? o In-place sheltering? o Combination? PPT-074 -01 65
Industrial Losses § Will it rebuild? § Can it rebuild? § If it rebuilds, what’s its life expectancy? § Is it a major employer for the area? § Long-term effects. PPT-074 -01 66
Handle Alone or Mutual Aid? § What fixed systems exist? § What systems will be stressed? § Your Fire Brigade? § With off-site help? § Access available? § Support requirements? PPT-074 -01 67
Medical Emergencies § What unique requirements? § Will the numbers involved stress the support services? § Will they inundate the medical facilities and staff? PPT-074 -01 68
Incident Command System: EMS PPT-074 -01 69
Special Support § Can you obtain? § Will other agencies need to support? § What if the special units suffer an incident? PPT-074 -01 70
Water Emergencies If you’re near water, you’ll need: v. Rescue means v. Personal protection (PFDs) v. Alerting means v. Transport means v. Medical treatment v. Relocation center If you’re near water, you’ll need “water stuff” PPT-074 -01 71
Tornado: The Watch Review plans while anticipating a weather event. Determine methods to “secure” the facility against impact. PPT-074 -01 72
External Impact What preparations must be performed to protect your facility? Do the resources exist to achieve this protection? PPT-074 -01 73
The Warning • Xenia, Ohio in the mid 1970’s • The Impact Results PPT-074 -01 74
Disruption • What are some needs to restore? • Is this a short-term or long-term event? • Can alternate means be implemented while control is being achieved? PPT-074 -01 75
Save or Relocate? § What event level? § Long-term? § Effects on persons and the economy? § Recovery? How long? PPT-074 -01 76
Infrastructure? § What’s Plan B? § Plan C? § If you have an active plant, how can you maintain operation? § What’s Plan Z? PPT-074 -01 77
Infrastructure Consider the Katrina flooding: §Roads gone! §Businesses gone! §Worker force gone! What external impacts do you need to guard against? Can you? ! PPT-074 -01 78
Borrowing from History § What emergency response needs were discovered due to this event? § Can your plant “buy” into procedures developed by this agency? PPT-074 -01 79
Downed Aircraft Incidents “This can never happen here. ” Beware of emphatic statements like this. Somebody also said the Titanic couldn’t sink!! PPT-074 -01 80
Possibilities Aircraft flight paths over the United States. The volume of flights indicates the possibility of a downed aircraft incident just about anywhere PPT-074 -01 81
Escalating Events Could this. . . Become this? PPT-074 -01 82
Unique Concerns PPT-074 -01 83
Anti-Terrorism Planning § Is your industry or locale a potential target? § What unique planning is required to preclude or minimize such a threat? PPT-074 -01 84
Lessons Learned Murrah Building World Trade Center PPT-074 -01 85
Mass Casualty Events These can result from: q. Terroristic events q. Process releases q. Transportation accidents q. Storage failures q. Agricultural incidents PPT-074 -01 86
Who Responds? • Dictated by the event. • Numbers impacted. • Nature of impacting material. PPT-074 -01 87
Recovery • Sorting it all out. • Prioritize what must be restored first. • Determine the resources required for restoration. • Schedule & implement. • Monitor progress. • Keep public advised. PPT-074 -01 88
Mitigation/Prevention § Make the most of lessons learned. § Critique response for fact-finding NOT faultfinding. § Determine plan changes. § Train staff on changes. PPT-074 -01 89
Continue to Train on: §Probable events §Possible events §Unique and severe events PPT-074 -01 90
Contact Information Health & Safety Training Specialists 1171 South Cameron Street, Room 324 Harrisburg, PA 17104 -2501 (717) 772 -1635 RA-LI-BWC-PATHS@pa. gov Like us on Facebook! https: //www. facebook. com/BWCPATHS PPT-074 -01 92
Questions PPT-074 -01 92
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