Managing Black Pecan Aphids and Stink Bugs Efficacy
Managing Black Pecan Aphids and Stink Bugs Efficacy of Selected Products
Brown Stink Bug Insecticide Trials Ted Cottrell USDA Agricultural Research Service Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Laboratory Byron, GA Bill Ree Department of Entomology Texas A&M University
Stink Bugs as Pests of Pecan • Pecan is not a reproductive host for stink bugs
Stink Bugs as Pests of Pecan • Pecan is not a reproductive host for stink bugs • Damage before shells harden results in ‘black pit’ and nut abortion
Stink Bugs as Pests of Pecan • Pecan is not a reproductive host for stink bugs • Damage before shells harden results in ‘black pit’ and nut abortion • Damage after shells harden results in ‘kernel spot’
Stink Bugs as Pests of Pecan • Stink Bugs CAN feed through hardened pecan shells • Damage can occur through harvest
Insecticides Tested Ø All are labeled for pecan Ø All list stink bugs as a target pest Brigade® WSB Insecticide/Miticide = bifenthrin (8. 0 – 32. 0 oz/A) stink bugs Centric® 40 WG = thiamethoxam (2. 0 – 2. 5 oz/A) Red Shoulder SB Karate ® = lambda-cyhalothrin (2. 56 – 5. 12 oz/A) Stink bug species Endigo® ZC = thiamethoxam + lambda cyhalothrin (3. 0 – 5. 5 oz/A) Stink bug species Mustang Max EC = zeta cypermethrin (3. 2 – 4. 0 oz/A) Stink bugs War. Hawk/Govern = chlorpyrifos (16 to 64 oz/A) Southern Green Stink Bug
Brown Stink Bug Insecticide Trials • Brown stink bugs are harder to kill than ‘green’ stink bugs • Stink Bug Insecticide Trials: – Two locations: GA and TX – Nut clusters sprayed in the orchard – 1, 4 and 7 days after treatment (DAT), nuts picked, taken to the lab and placed in cups – Stink bugs added to the cup and survival checked daily - 24, 48 and 72 hrs (GA); 24 and 48 hrs (TX) – Data presented as percentage of stink bugs rated as ‘Dead’ + ‘Moribund’
Treatment BC l 1 DAT 72 hr C Treatment AB C Treatment oz ro l 64 nt Co rn z 4 o B ve ax l 64 oz Co nt ro rn z 4 o 5 o z 5. ax M ve Go ng ta us M go di C Go g. M B an 5 o z 5. En 2. 5 o z C us t M go A di ric nt Ce 32 oz A En z 5 o 2. 100 80 60 40 20 0 ric C 100 80 60 40 20 0 nt de 1 DAT 24 hr Ce AB oz C 32 iga Br C % Dead + Moribund AB % Dead + Moribund l ro nt Co z z 4 o k 6 4 o w ax z oz 2. 56 M Ha ar W ng us ta M te 5 o 5. BC de C iga Br l nt ro BC Co 4 o z z Treatment 1 DAT 48 hr nt ro 4 o z BC k 6 w Ha ar W 4 o z 56 o ax M 2. BC k 6 z 4 o ng ta us M ra Ka go z 5 o 2. oz 32 % Moribund + Dead BC Co w Ha ar ax M z 56 o z 5 o 5. G W SB W di En ric nt Ce de iga Br BC W ng ta 2. C us te ra Ka igo z 5 o 2. oz 32 % Moribund + Dead C M te A ra z 5 o 5. En d G SB W c. W nt ri de iga Ce Br A Ka igo z 5 o 100 80 60 40 20 0 2. oz 32 % Moribund + Dead 100 80 60 40 20 0 En d G SB W c. W nt ri de iga Ce Br 100 80 60 40 20 0 A 1 DAT 24 hrs C B C Treatment 1 DAT 48 hrs A A B
ric Treatment l BC ro C Treatment 4 DAT 72 hr B C C Treatment ro l oz B nt 64 l 64 oz z 4 o nt ro Co rn ax M ve Go ng 5 o z 5. B Co rn z 4 o B ve ax ta us M go di B Go g. M 5 o z B an 5. En 2. 5 o z B us t M go Treatment di ric nt Ce 32 oz A En z 5 o 100 80 60 40 20 0 2. 4 DAT 48 hr ric de 100 80 60 40 20 0 nt B iga Br 4 DAT 24 hr Ce oz B 32 B de B % Dead + Moribund l z 4 o k 6 z 4 o Co nt ro w ax oz 56 2. M Ha ar W ng us ta M z B iga Br l ro nt Co 4 o z k 6 z 4 o B nt w Ha ar W ax M z 56 o te 5 o 5. z 5 o 2. oz 32 % Moribund + Dead B Co z 4 o 2. B 4 o z k 6 w Ha ar ax M ng ta us M ra Ka go G W SB W di En tri c Ce n de iga Br B W ng ta z BC 56 o z 5 o 5. z 5 o 2. B 2. te ra Ka igo G W oz 32 % Moribund + Dead B M us te A ra z 5 o ric SB W En d nt Ce de iga 100 80 60 40 20 0 5. z 5 o 2. oz 32 Br A Ka igo G W SB W % Moribund + Dead 100 80 60 40 20 0 En d nt Ce e ad Br ig 100 80 60 40 20 0 A 4 DAT 24 hrs B B Treatment 4 DAT 48 hrs A B B
Treatment B l B ro l ro nt Co B nt z B 4 o z k 6 w Ha ar W 4 o A B B Treatment 7 DAT 48 hr A B B Treatment 7 DAT 72 hr A B B % Dead + Moribund l z z 4 o 4 o k 6 ax Co nt ro w Ha ar W M oz 56 2. z 5 o 5. z 5 o 2. oz 32 B Co z ax M te ng us ta M ra Ka go G SB W di En tri c Ce n W % Moribund + Dead B 4 o z k 6 w Ha ar B 4 o z 2. 56 o B ax M ng ta us M te z 5 o 5. z 5 o 2. oz 32 de iga Br B W ng ta z 56 o B 2. ra Ka igo G W En d ric SB W % Moribund + Dead B us te ra Ka z 5 o 5. z 100 80 60 40 20 0 5 o 2. nt Ce de iga 100 80 60 40 20 0 igo G W oz 32 Br B M ric SB W % Moribund + Dead 100 80 60 40 20 0 En d nt de iga Ce Br 7 DAT 24 hr 100 20 7 DAT 24 hrs Control Treatment A 80 60 40 B 0 Brigade 32 oz
Brigade Rate Test • Same test setup as before • Rates tested: – GA: 8, 16, 20, 24, 32 oz/A – TX: 8, 20, 32 oz/A
Treatment l A ro Treatment A B Treatment de iga oz 32 oz 20 Br de de iga Br oz 32 oz 20 z 8 o B Br de iga Br l ro nt 100 80 60 40 20 0 Br z 8 o 100 80 60 40 20 0 de A iga Br B l Co B % Dead + Moribund A nt ro Co l ro 32 oz 24 oz nt Co de de 20 oz 16 oz A % Dead + Moribund l A nt ro Co iga de de z 8 o A nt oz 32 Br Br iga de iga 1 DAT 24 hr Co A oz 1 DAT 72 hr 32 de iga Br A de oz 24 Treatment 1 DAT 48 hr iga oz 24 de iga Br oz 20 Br Br Br % Moribund + Dead A Br de iga oz A 20 de iga Br oz 16 A Br de A iga oz 16 de iga Br z 8 o A Br de 100 80 60 40 20 0 iga z 8 o de iga Br % Moribund + Dead 100 80 60 40 20 0 Br de iga Br % Moribund + Dead 100 80 60 40 20 0 A 1 DAT 24 hrs A A Treatment 1 DAT 48 hrs A A A B
Treatment A B Treatment 4 DAT 72 hr A B Treatment de oz 32 A iga oz 20 Br Br de iga oz 32 oz z 8 o 20 de iga Br l A Br de B iga Treatment Br B z AB 100 80 60 40 20 0 8 o 4 DAT 48 hr de A ro nt C 100 80 60 40 20 0 iga Br l AB % Dead + Moribund ro l oz 32 nt Co de Co iga oz 24 oz 20 oz 16 BC ro nt Co Br de de iga Br Br de A % Dead + Moribund l ro A l A nt Co oz 32 oz 24 oz 20 oz 16 iga z 8 o AB nt ro oz 32 de iga Br de iga Br % Moribund + Dead A Co de iga oz 24 AB Br de iga oz 20 A Br de iga Br oz 16 100 80 60 40 20 0 de Br z 8 o 100 80 60 40 20 0 iga z 8 o de iga Br % Moribund + Dead 100 80 60 40 20 0 Br de iga Br % Moribund + Dead 4 DAT 24 hr 4 DAT 24 hrs A A B Treatment 4 DAT 48 hrs A A B
Treatment l AB ro A Treatment 7 DAT 72 hr A B B Treatment de iga Br A oz 32 oz 20 z 8 o A 100 80 60 40 20 0 de A l Treatment iga A Br Br iga de de 8 o z 32 oz 20 oz de iga Br ro l nt Co ro l oz 32 nt Co de iga oz 24 oz 20 % Dead + Moribund A nt ro Co 7 DAT 48 hr % Dead + Moribund Br de de A 100 80 60 40 20 0 Br l nt ro Co oz 32 A nt oz 32 de iga Br iga oz 16 A Co de iga oz 24 Br Br de A Br oz A 24 de iga Br A de oz 20 16 oz iga z 8 o A iga oz 20 de iga Br % Moribund + Dead A Br de iga Br 16 oz 100 80 60 40 20 0 de Br z 8 o 100 80 60 40 20 0 iga z 8 o de iga Br % Moribund + Dead 100 80 60 40 20 0 Br de iga Br % Moribund + Dead 7 DAT 24 hr 7 DAT 24 hrs AB A BC 0 7 DAT 48 hrs Treatment A A B B
l ro A nt oz 32 A 60 40 20 B 0 Treatment l ro oz 32 nt Co de iga oz 24 BC Br de 20 oz BC iga de iga Treatment Br Br oz 16 100 80 60 40 20 0 de A iga z 8 o l ro oz 32 oz 24 nt Co de iga oz 20 A Br de iga 7 DAT 48 hr Br % Moribund + Dead Br Br de iga oz 16 A Co de iga A Br oz 24 A de A iga oz 20 Br de iga A Br de Br z 8 o A iga oz 16 de iga Br % Moribund + Dead 100 80 60 40 20 0 Br de 80 iga z 8 o 100 Br de iga Br 1 DAT 48 hr Brigade test using sprayed nuts and foliage B 4 DAT 48 hr A BC B C
Insecticide assay against Brown Stink Bug June 2011 % Dead + Moribund Peaches sprayed in field, 24 h later taken to lab and SB’s placed on fruit in cups. 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 control Danitol (21. 3 oz/A) Danitol (10. 7 oz/A) Endigo ZC (5. 5 oz/A) Imidan (2. 25 lbs/A) Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 1 day after SB’s added to cup
Conclusions: • Compared with insecticidal control of the Green and Southern Green stink bugs, the Brown stink bug is difficult to control. Many of the products tested here provide sufficient control of the ‘green’ stink bugs. • Of the insecticides tested here, even the lowest rate of bifenthrin still provided better brown stink bug control. • A 16 -24 oz/A rate of Brigade WSB should provide good stink bug control for at least 7 days (and longer without rain). • Danitol should also provide good stink bug control (residual activity not known……. yet).
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides against the Black Pecan Aphid Ted Cottrell USDA, Agricultural Research Service Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Laboratory Byron, GA
Factors that encourage BPA in orchards • Shading – Interior tree canopy – Crowded orchards • Cultivar • Low populations of ‘yellow’ aphids early in the season • Insecticides used
2011 Pecan Aphid Field Test……details Objective: Document changes in aphid populations while managing pecan weevil. Location: Four pecan orchards at the USDA, ARS, Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Laboratory, Byron, GA. Treatment Selection: Five treatment combinations (pecan aphid product + pecan weevil product). Test Plots: Each orchard divided into 2. 5 acre plots of mature pecan trees. - allowed each treatment to be replicated four times. Applications: volume = 100 gpa, speed = 2 mph Aphid Sampling: Sampled from four trees in each plot taking 10 cmpd leaves/tree. Leaf samples were taken from around the periphery of the canopy from 15 -25 ft above ground.
2011 Pecan Aphid Field Test Treatments applied 3 X Weevil Trtmnt 1 st Aphid Trtmnt 2 nd Aphid Trtmnt 3 rd Aphid Trtmnt Carbaryl 4 L (3 qts) carbaryl Movento (6 oz) spirotetramat Movento Fulfill Danitol 2. 4 EC (4 oz) fenpropathrin Belay (6 oz) clothianidin Belay Movento Carbaryl 4 L (3 qts) carbaryl Fulfill (4 oz) pymetrozine Fulfill Movento Brigade WSB (16 oz) bifenthrin Movento (6 oz) Movento Fulfill Belay Voliam Xpress (10 oz) Dimilin (12 oz) lambda-cyhalothrin + chlorantraniliprole
Avg aphids/cmpd leaf August 11, 2011 Pre-treatment Aphid Counts 545 40 435 30 3 25 20 2 15 110 5 00 BPA BPA YPA BMA "yellow" BPA adults nymphs adults
Avg aphids/cmpd leaf 45 12 11 40 10 35 9 30 8 7 25 6 20 5 15 4 3 10 2 5 1 00 August 23, 2011 Post-Treatment Aphid Count 1 st treatment applied Aug. 15 -17 Control Carbaryl 4 L 4 L ++ Movento Carbaryl Danitol ++ Belay Danitol Carbaryl 4 L 4 L ++ Fulfill Carbaryl Brigade. WSB ++ Movento Brigade. WSB Voliam Xpress ++ Dimilin Voliam BPA BPA YPA adults nymphs adults BMA adults "yellow" nymphs = Carbaryl 4 L (3 qts/A) + Movento (6 oz/A) = Danitol (4 oz) + Belay (6 oz) = Carbaryl 4 L (3 qts/A) + Fulfill (4 oz/A) = Brigade WSB (16 oz/A) + Movento (6 oz/A) = Voliam Xpress (10 oz) + Dimilin (12 oz) All treatments applied at 100 gpa using a 1000 gallon Durand-Wayland airblast sprayer
llo w "n ad BM A "y e 2 nd Application ym ph s ul ts ts ad ul Y PA ph s ny m BP A ad ul ts Avg aphids/cmpd leaf September 20, 2011 Post-Treatment Aphid Count 2 nd treatment application Aug. 29 -30 3 rd treatment application Sept. 7 -9 45 Control 40 35 Carbaryl 4 L 30 Danitol 25 20 Carbaryl 4 L 2 15 Brigade WSB 10 5 Voliam Xpress 0 3 rd Application = Carbaryl 4 L (3 qts/A) + Movento (6 oz/A) = Carbaryl 4 L (3 qts/A) + Fulfill (4 oz/A) = Danitol (4 oz) + Belay (6 oz) = Danitol (4 oz) + Movento (6 oz) = Carbaryl 4 L (3 qts/A) + Fulfill (4 oz/A) = Carbaryl 4 L (3 qts/A) + Movento (6 oz/A) = Brigade WSB (16 oz/A) + Fulfill (4 oz/A) = Voliam Xpress (10 oz) + Belay (6 oz)
Summary • Both treatments that included carbaryl, even with the addition of an aphid product, flared BPA’s • The treatment that included Voliam Xpress, even with an aphid product, flared ‘yellow’ aphids • The treatment that included Brigade provided the best overall control of all aphids followed by the treatment that included the low rate of Danitol • A higher, labeled rate of Danitol should provide good control • Late-season leaf retention was best with the Brigade WSB treatment.
Acknowledgments • Research funding was provided by the Georgia Agricultural Commodity Commission for Pecan • Technical assistance provided by: – Ann Amis, Brent Hartley, Chuck Rawls and Saleah Starks This presentation reports the results of research only. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or a recommendation for its use by USDA.
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