MANAGEMENT OF BEAN COMMON MOSAIC VIRUS IN FRENCH

MANAGEMENT OF BEAN COMMON MOSAIC VIRUS IN FRENCH BEANS (Phaseolus vulgaris) THROUGH CONTROL OF VECTORS MANG’ERA EDWIN (CROP PROTECTION MAJOR) SPECIAL PROJECT PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF CROP PROTECTION AND PLANT SCIENCE SUPERVISOR: Dr. Miano

INTRODUCTION • Common beans originated from Latin America then taken to England from Mexico in the 16 th century by Spaniards. • It was introduced in Africa by Spaniards and other parts of the tropics. It has different cultivars ie dwarf, bush and climbing varieties. • Beans are a good source of nutrients, source of income and holds a great promise for fighting hunger. FRENCH BEANS • It is a tender warm season vegetable harvested when green grown in Meru, Naivasha, Kirinyaga and varieties grown include army, paulista and julia. • Matures faster in warmer areas and picking is after 9 weeks. VECTORS • Vectors pose a great threat to French beans since lead to high yield loss for example aphids can cause up to 50% yield loss.

BEAN COMMON MOSAIC VIRUS Ø It is seed borne but transmitted by aphids. Infected plants have fewer pods with small dark green spots, ring like lesions on the leaves and stunted growth. Ø It can also be transmitted mechanically or through pollen. Ø Symptoms include leaf rolling, dark green patches on the leaves, malformation of primary leaves, mosaic(distinct necrotic or chlorotic lesions) Ø Control. APHIDS Ø Black bean aphid are black to brown in colour, feed by sucking plant sap. It is widely distributed and on feeding on infected plants it carries the virus in the mouth parts and transmits it on healthy plants while feeding. Ø CONTROL

PROBLEM STATEMENT Ø Optimal production is a challenge to farmers mostly small scale due to high disease incidence, attacks from field, storage and post harvest pests. Lack of access to improved bean varieties and poor crop husbandry. Ø Bean common mosaic virus has caused a major threat since it is spread by vectors with piercing and sucking mouth parts mostly aphids. The disease is seed borne thus difficult to detect. Ø Use of inorganic pesticide pollutes the environment due to residues left and also affects non target crops. JUSTIFICATION Ø The use biopesticides in the control of aphids to manage spread of bean common mosaic virus is advisable since it is environmentally friendly. It is bio degradable hence thus not leave residues in the soil.

OBJECTIVES • OVERALL OBJECTIVE Ø To reduce crop loss due to infection by virus. • SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE Ø To determine the effect of bean common mosaic virus through the control of aphids.

MATERIALS AND METHODS The project will be carried at the college field station and the materials include French beans (Army variety), biopesticide (neem mark 0. 03 EC, active ingredient Azadirachtin 0. 03%), organic pesticide(Malthion), fertilizer D. A. P, hand hoe and land.

METHODS Ø Land preparation will done by disc ploughing, followed by harrowing. Trials will be laid in a complete randomized design 1. 5 by 1. 5 m plots, replicated 3 times and 50 cm apart. Ø Each plot will carry 4 rows at a spacing of 45 by 15 cm. control plots will not be treated. Ø Data will be from all plots with aphid infestation incidence and be analyzed by analysis of variance.

WORK PLAN ACTIVITIES 1 ST QUARTER 1. Project proposal writing xxx 2 ND QUARTER 3 RD QUARTER 2. Land preparation xxx 3. Planting xxx 4. Crop management practices 4 TH QUARTER xxx 5. Data collection and analysis xxx 6. Report writing and presentation xxx

REFERENCES Ø KARI(1996). focus on agricultural research for sustainable development in changing economic environment –proceedings of the fifth KARI scientific conference. Ø Purseglove J. W(1974) Tropical crops: dicotyledons: 284 -286. Longman group Ltd. Ø Cesar Cardona & Ashok K. Karel (1990) Key insects and other invertebrate pests of beans. In insect pests of tropical legumes. Edited by S. R. Singh. : 184 – 188. John Willey & sons Ltd. Ø Paul kimani (2006) Snap beans for income generation by small farmers in East Africa in Horticultural insights 2006 vol. 2 Ø Nderitu, J. H. , Buruchara, R. A. and Ampofo (1997). Integrated pest management for beans. African Highlands Initiative.

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