MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE SDLC Introduction

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC)

Introduction The system development life cycle (SDLC) is the traditional system development method used by most organizations. “The period of time begins when a system is conceived and ends when a system is fully operational for use and gets maintained is called the development life cycle of a system. ” The SDLC is a structured framework that consist of sequential process by which information system are developed.

In the past, developers used the ‘waterfall’ approach to the SDLC, in which task in one stage were completed before the work proceeded to the next stage. Today, developers go back and forth among the stages as necessary.

SDLC consist the following phases 1. Initial Investigation 2. Feasibility Study 3. System Analysis 4. System Design 5. System Coding 6. Testing 7. Implementation 8. Maintenance

Feasibility study PHASE-I Initial investigation System Analysis PHASE-III PHASE- II System design SDLC PHASE-IV Maintenance System Coding PHASE-VIII Implementation PHASE-VII Testing PHASE-VI PHASE-V

Preliminary Investigation This phase is very important as in this phase system analyst identify the real problem of the existing system, without clear understanding of the problem in the system, any further work done will lead to wastage of efforts at a later stage. Problem definition defines the user requirements, or what user expect from the system.

This phases also sets the projects boundaries, which defines what parts of the system can be changes by the project and what part should remain unchanged. This also include a rough idea of the resources requirements, estimated start and completion dates for each phases and the number of persons expected to be involved in each phase for project.

Feasibility Study A feasibility study is undertaken to determine the possibilities of either improving the existing system or develop a completely new system. This study also help to obtain an overview of the problem and to get rough assessment of whether feasible solution exist or not. “Feasibility studies are used as a basis for deciding whether to proceed with, postpone or cancel the project”.

�There are three aspects of feasibility study as follows: 1. Technical feasibility = (Analyze of present technology + Recognition of improvement + finance consideration) 2. Economical feasibility = (Benefits + Savings are compared with the cost) 3. Operational feasibility = Working of System

System Analysis The analysis phases is the detailed understanding of all important facts of the business area under investigation. In this the relationship of the various system components among themselves and with environment are studied and understood. This requires data collection from a variety of sources. For this, questionnaires, forms, interviews, study of existing documents, records etc. are used.

�The analyst must try to answer the following set of questions: 1. What is being done in the organizations? 2. How it is being done? 3. What are the problem arise, how will it be solved? 4. If a problem arise, how will it be solved?

System Design The most creative and challenging phase of system development life cycle is system design. each module after successful completion of system analysis, the system is designed. In system design phase, first the system is broken down into different module and then its each module is designed. Design of system is largely the logical design. The logical design can be sketched on a paper or on a computer terminal.

�The design also including the physical design element, describe the data to be inputted, the process involved in the manipulation of data and the output. 1. The analyst should specify the file structures, storage devices etc. 2. The database is also designed in this phases. 3. Input, output, files and procedures are planned.

System coding The next phase is concerned with translating the system design specification developed. When the design is accepted by the requested department, the analyst begins developing the software using programming language. This is the phase when the programmer plays their role in development of the system. They start designing data structures and writing of programs as per the documents prepared during design phase.

System Testing is the most vital phase of SDLC. Once the system is designed it should be tested for validity. In this phase, the system as a whole is tested with different techniques to ensure that the system is bug free. Although, during design, the programmers test their programs but this sort of testing is generally unrecognized without preparation of test data. During testing phase, the testing is done in systematic way in order to ensure the reliability of the system and to make it error free.

Implementation is the final phase of development. After testing, the system is installed at the user’s place and implemented. It consist of installing hardware, programs, collecting data and organizing people to interact with and run the system. In the implementation phase, user actually starts using the system. This phase also involves training the users for using the system.

Implementation can be done in two ways. One way is by implementing the new system along with the old system and make them run in parallel. The other method is to replace the entire system. In large organizations, the new system can be implemented in certain areas as a pilot project and if satisfactory result are obtained, it can be implemented to other areas also.

Maintenance is the process of incorporating changes in the implemented existing system for proper utilization. This involve enhancement, adaptation and corrections. � Enhancement: Enhancement implies adding new functions or additional capabilities to the system. � Adoption: Adoption implies customizing the software to run in the new environment � Correction: Correction implies correcting the bugs in the existing software.

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