Management and Leadership Nursing standards Darkay Jeane Mangembulude

Management and Leadership: Nursing standards Darkay, Jeane Mangembulude, Grand Mumek, Veatrice Pasulatan, Queency Rumoroy, Milka Sepang, Stille Supatman, Ernando Rafly

NURSING STANDARDS � The standard of care (Box 6 -1) is “that degree of care, expertise and judgment exercised by a reasonable and prudent nurse under the same or similar circumstances [through] use of nursing process” (O’Keefe, 2001, pp. 552– 553). Ref : Nursing Leadership and Management-Theories, Processes and Practice page 70 Jeane

� Florence Nightingale (1820– 1910) Universally regarded as the founder of modern nursing, Florence Nightingale dedicated her long life to improving health care and nursing standards. � Ref : Nursing Now--Today's Issues Tomorrow's Trends page 32

Licensure � Licensure is the “mechanism by which a state establishes and verifies compliance with [nursing] standards” � (O’Keefe, 2001, p. 542). Ref : Nursing Leadership and Management-Theories, Processes and Practice page 70

Certification � Certification acknowledges nursing competence at an advanced level of practice. Gunn (1999, p. 135) believed that society and patients in general have grown skeptical of the willingness of the nursing profession to police itself. � A nursing competency is the skill and behavior required to perform the role of a nurse. Ref : Nursing Leadership and Management-Theories, Processes and Practice page 70

Classification of nursing standard � External � criteria Standards from accrediting agencies such as the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, guidelines developed by various nursing specialty practice groups, and federal agency regulations. Ref : Nursing Now--Today's Issues Tomorrow's Trends page 189 Stile

� Internal Standards standards include nursing standards defined in specific hospital policy and procedure manuals that relate to the nurse in the particular institution. The nurse’s job description and employment contract are examples of internal nursing standards that define the duty of the nurse. � Ref : Nursing Now--Today's Issues Tomorrow's Trends page 189

Care and responsibility � Concern for the quality of care is a major part of nursing’s responsibility to the public. Therefore, the nursing profession is accountable to the consumer for the quality of its services. � Ref: Essentials_of_Nursing_Leadership_and_M anagement_5 th_Edition page 29 milka

� Standards of practice are also used as criteria to determine whether appropriate care has been delivered. In practice, they represent the minimum acceptable level of care. � Ref: Essentials_of_Nursing_Leadership_and_M anagement_5 th_Edition page 29

� Nurses are judged on generally accepted standards of practice for their level of education, experience, position, and specialty area. Standards take many forms. � Ref: Essentials_of_Nursing_Leadership_and_M anagement_5 th_Edition page 29

Professional standard � Professional standards are written statements that describe a minimum level of performance common to the profession and that reflect the values of that profession. In nursing, standards of practice reflect expectations for the behaviors of professionals in relationship to specific areas of practice and may be developed by professional organizations such as the American Nurses Association. � Ref : Nursing in Todays World - Trends, Issues, Mgmt. 10 th ed. - J. Ellis, C. Hartley (Lippincott, 2012) BBS page 449 queen

Nursing standard process by doing 1. 2. Identifying the patient’s care need by assessment, based on analysis using current nursing knowledge, expertise, and clinical practice. Researching the literature for best evidence relevant to meeting the patient care need Ref : Nursing Leadership and Management-Theories, Processes and Practice page 83

3. Evaluating the research, or best evidence, for interventions specific to the patient care need. 4. Choosing the best intervention designed to meet the patient care need, justifying the selection based on valid, reliable research (University of Minnesota, 2004). Ref : Nursing Leadership and Management-Theories, Processes and Practice page 83

Standards in Nursing Negligence Malpractice Actions � State, local, or national standards � Institutional policies that alter or adhere to the nursing standards of care � Expert opinions on the appropriate standard of care at the time � Ref: Essentials_of_Nursing_Leadership_and_M anagement_5 th_Edition page 27 grand

Standards in Nursing Negligence Malpractice Actions � Available literature and research that substantiates a standard of care or changes in the standard � The consent is written � A minor’s parent or guardian usually gives consent for treatment. � Ref: Essentials_of_Nursing_Leadership_and_M anagement_5 th_Edition page 27

Nursing standard of medication administration � 1. � 2. � 3. � 4. � 5. � 6. � 7. Right Right drug dose route time client reason documentation � Ref: Essentials_of_Nursing_Leadership_and_M anagement_5 th_Edition page 28 nhay

Goal of nursing standards � The performance of all employees in the nursing department will be evaluated in a manner that produces growth in the employee and upgrades nursing standards. � Ref : Leadership Roles and Management Functions in Nursing Theory & Application page 156

Tips for Avoiding Legal Problems � Keep yourself informed regarding new research related to your area of practice. � Insist that the health-care institution keep personnel apprised of all changes in policies and procedures and in the management of new technological equipment. � Ref: Essentials_of_Nursing_Leadership_and_M anagement_5 th_Edition page 28 Nando

Tips for Avoiding Legal Problems � Always follow the standards of care or practice for the institution. � Delegate tasks and procedures only to appropriate personnel. � Identify clients at risk for problems, such as falls or the development of decubiti. � Ref: Essentials_of_Nursing_Leadership_and_M anagement_5 th_Edition page 28

Tips for Avoiding Legal Problems � Establish and maintain a safe environment. � Document precisely and carefully. � Write detailed incident reports, and file them with the appropriate personnel or department. � Recognize certain client behaviors that may indicate the possibility of a lawsuit. � Ref: Essentials_of_Nursing_Leadership_and_M anagement_5 th_Edition page 28

Structure Organizational � An organization can be defined as “a group of persons with specific responsibilities who are acting together for the achievement of a specific purpose determined by the organization” (Huber, 2000, p. 454). � Ref : Leadership Roles and Management Functions in Nursing Theory & Application page 42

Structure Organizational � Modern organizational theory began during the Industrial Revolution. Many theories have been reviewed to demonstrate the how and the what of organizational structure. � Ref : Leadership Roles and Management Functions in Nursing Theory & Application page 42

Theories of organization � The Classical Theory � The Neoclassical Theory � Systems Theory � Chaos Theory � Contingency Theory

Process of organization Step 1 Arrange the plan and purpose Step 2 Maintain principle tasks Step 4 Allocate source and directive the principle tasks Step 3 Division principle tasks Step 5 Allocate source and directive for principle tasks