Mammuthus primigenius Woolly Mammoth Mammuthus primigenius Blumenbach 1799

Mammuthus primigenius - Woolly Mammoth

Mammuthus primigenius (Blumenbach, 1799) - Woolly Mammoth The woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) was a species of mammoth, the common name for the extinct elephant genus Mammuthus. The woolly mammoth was one of the last in a line of mammoth species, beginning with Mammuthus subplanifrons in the early Pliocene. M. primigenius diverged from the steppe mammoth, M. trogontherii, about 200, 000 years ago in eastern Asia. Its closest extant relative is the Asian elephant.

The appearance and behaviour of this species are among the best studied of any prehistoric animal due to the discovery of frozen carcasses in Siberia and Alaska, as well as skeletons, teeth, stomach contents, dung, and depiction from life in prehistoric cave paintings. Mammoth remains had long been known in Asia before they became known to Europeans in the 17 th century. The origin of these remains was long a matter of debate, and often explained as being remains of legendary creatures. The animal was only identified as an extinct species of elephant by Georges Cuvier in 1796 Largest European specimen, a male from Siegsdorf

Mammuthus meridionalis, or the southern mammoth, is an extinct species of mammoth endemic to Europe and central Asia from the Pleistocene, living from 2. 5– 1. 5 mya. Skeleton of Mammuthus meridionalis, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris

Mammuthus meridionalis Description With a height of about 4 m. and estimated weight of 10 tons, M. meridionalis is one of the largest proboscideans to have ever lived, along with other larger species of mammoth, and the earlier Deinotherium. It had robust twisted tusk, common of mammoths. Its molars had low crowns and a small number of thick enamel ridges, adapted to a woodland diet of leaves and shrubs, this indicates it lived on a relatively warm climate which makes more probable that it lacked dense fur. Habitat and Diet Plant and fossils found with the remains show that M. meridionalis was living in a time of mild climate, generally as warm or slightly warmer than Europe experiences today. Deciduous mixed wood provided its habitad and food, which compromised mostly of tree-browse: oak, ash, beech and other familiar European trees, as well as some that are now exotic to the region, such as hemlock, wing nut and hickory. A complete skeleton is in Stavropol State Museum. Further east, discoveries at Ubeidiyah, (Israel) and Dmanisi, (Georgia) show the early mammoth living in a partially open habitat with grassy areas, though subsisting on scattered trees and shrubs.

Dalle sabbie del Danubio torna alla luce un antico 'mammut meridionale' Lo scheletro rinvenuto a inizio giugno in Serbia apparterrebbe a uno degli esemplari giunti originariamente in Europa dall'Africa settentrionale. Sarà restaurato ed esposto nel Parco Archeologico Viminacium. Apparterrebbe a un esemplare di mammut meridionale (Mammuthus meridionalis), antenato giunto in Europa

(Mammuthus trogontherii) היא הממותה הגדולה ביותר הידועה , (Steppe Mammoth) ממותת הערבה תחום מחייתה. ולאותו אורך הגיעו גם חיטיה , מטרים 5 - גובהה הגיע ל. כיום גובהה של הממותה. כלל אזורים מיוערים וכרי מרעה ביבשת אירואסיה , מטרים; היא חיה בסוף תור הפלייסטוקן 1. 5 - הקטנה ביותר היה פחות מ . ושרידים שלה נתגלו באי סרדיניה שבים התיכון The steppe mammoth (Mammuthus trogontherii) is an extinct species of Elephantidae that ranged over most of northern Eurasia during the Middle Pleistocene, 600, 000 -370, 000 years ago. It probably evolved in Siberia during the early Pleistocene from Mammuthus meridionalis. It was the first stage in the evolution of the steppe and tundra elephants and an ancestor of the woolly mammoth of later glacial periods.

MAMMUTHUS TROGONTHERII (POHLIG, 1885), THE STEPPE MAMMOTH OF NOLHAC. In August 2008, a survey has yielded a skull of Mammuthus trogontherii in the ancient maar of Nolhac (Haute-Loire, France).

Cast of a primitive Mammuthus primigenius fraasi skeleton from Steinheim an der Murr, an intermediate form between Mammuthus trogontherii and Mammuthus primigenius - Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart

At the base of the woolly mammoth's tail was a broad flap of skin covering the anus. This has sometimes been regarded as a further adaptation to the cold, but it is also present in living elephants that inhabit a tropical climate. The anal flap was faithfully recorded by several prehistoric artists. In the photo, a local Siberian poses beside a section of the Beresovka mammoth, found in 1901. Its short tail, at the top of the picture, has at its base the anal flap. The 86 cm long penis projects toward the bottom left.

A very young mammoth snap frozen and revealed in melting permafrost, with much of its hair intact, though missing its trunk, on display in the St Petersburg Zoological Museum

The Berezovka Mammoth

Shokado or Songhua River Mammoth, Mammuthus-sungari, comparison with man and African elephant.

Mammuthus imperator רגל קדמית של Smithsonian Institution

These are American mastodons, mother and child, recovered from the tar pits. These distant relatives of modern elephants lived in North America from 3. 7 million years ago until just recently in 10, 000 BC

Mastadon americanus, Newburg Mastadon, 1900 -1935. By Smithsonian Institution

Mammoth on display in the St Petersburg Zoological Museum. This is the famous "Adams mammoth" which was very important in the history of the understanding of mammoths and their evolution. See below.

Uses of Mammoth Ivory This miniature head (3. 5 cm, (1. 5 inches) was carved from mammoth ivory. Found at Brassempouy, Landes, France. It may be 30 000 years old. It is one of the few Ice Age figures with facial features and a detailed hairstyle. It is the original for the 'Ayla' head from Jean Auel's Earth Children series of books. Some doubt its authenticity, since it was recovered at a dig where the workers were paid by what they discovered.

Detail of a painting in the tomb of Rekhmire in Egypt, believed by some to depict a "pygmy mammoth" (lower left) among other animals

Wall drawing in the cave Les Combarelles in France)wild horse, cave bear, mammoth, cave lion). Les Combarelles is a cave in Les Eyzies de Tayac, France, which was inhabited by Cro -Magnon people approximately 13– 11, 000 years ago. Holding more than 600 prehistoric engravings of animals and symbols, the two galleries in the cave were crucial in the re-evaluation of the mental and technical capabilities of these prehistoric humans around the turn of last century

Woolly mammoth carved in ivory, discovered by Édouard Lartet in 1864

Dr Len Hills by mammoth tracks revealed in the St. Mary's Reservoir, southern Alberta, in 1999. By an extraordinary quirk of geological fate, sediments from St Mary's Reservoir in southern Alberta have preserved a rich array of bones and footprints from Alberta's Ice Age: mammoth, muskox, horse, caribou, camel and giant bison. Some are more than 11, 000 years old.

: מקורות . יובל נח הררי , " "קיצור תולדות האנושות http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Woolly_mammoth http: //animal. memozee. com/view. php? tid=2&did=37925 http: //donsmaps. com/bcmammoth. html http: //he. wikipedia. org http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Mammoth קלריטה ואפרים : הנכם מוזמנים להיכנס לאתר שלנו www. clarita-efraim. com chefetze@netvision/net. il