Male Infertility Issues Use it 1 Lack in

+ Male Infertility Issues (Use it) 1. Lack in sperm production Site of problem: Testes Possible cause: Imbalanced hormones Solution: testosterone therapy 2. Erectile dysfunction Site of problem: Penis Possible cause: Health conditions and hormones Solution: Medication

+ Male fertility problems (what’s the solution? ) No n Although most men with male infertility do notice symptoms other than inability to conceive a child, signs and symptoms associated with male infertility include: n Problems with sexual function — for example, difficulty with ejaculation or small volumes of fluid ejaculated, reduced sexual desire or difficulty maintaining an erection (erectile dysfunction) n Pain, swelling or a lump in the testicle area n Recurrent respiratory infections n Inability to smell n Abnormal breast growth (gynecomastia) n Decreased facial or body hair or other signs of a chromosomal or hormonal abnormality n Having a lower than normal sperm count (fewer than 15 million sperm per milliliter of semen or a total sperm count of less than 39 million per ejaculate)

+ Male Infertility Issues (Use it) n Low Sperm Production Solution: Testosterone therapy, and injections to increase sperm count n Erectile Dysfunction Solution: Medication and/or surgical production n Blockage of Sperm Passage Solution: Laser Surgery, Medication and/or Sperm Donor

+ Male infertility issues (NO) Sperm production problems zahidhassan@terrace. qld. edu. au • Chromosomal or genetic causes • Undescended testes (failure of the testes to descend at birth) • Infections • Torsion (twisting of the testis in scrotum) • Varicocele (varicose veins of the testes) • Medicines and chemicals • Radiation damage • Unknown cause Blockage of sperm transport • Infections • Prostate-related problems • Absence of vas deferens • Vasectomy Sexual problems (erection and ejaculation problems) • Retrograde and premature ejaculation • Failure of ejaculation • Erectile dysfunction • Infrequent intercourse • Spinal cord injury • Prostate surgery • Damage to nerves • Some medicines Hormonal problems • Pituitary tumours • Congenital lack of LH/FSH (pituitary problem from birth) • Anabolic (androgenic) steroid abuse Sperm antibodies • Vasectomy • Injury or infection in the epididymis • Unknown cause

+ Infertility in males (Use it) n Malformed, slow, short-lived sperm n n n • This can be the cause of STI (sexually transmitted infections) Also environmental issues such as radiation etc Sperm may grow two tails, or may be deformed leading to inability to reach ovaries etc Erectile Dysfunction • Can be due to medical issues affecting the blood vessels leading to the penis not swelling as they should • There can also be various psychological effects • Can be treated by vasodilator which opens up blood vessels and hormones • Exercising can help and stop smoking if you smoke

+ Male Infertility (Use it) 1. Sperm defect/low amount produced A combination of IVF and PGD can help fix these issues. By using IVF, sperm can be pulled out and make it easier for them to fertilize a egg as they are placed directly in petri dish with a culture medium to help. This neutralizes low sperm amount as they do not face as many challenges. PGD can check any sperm that is taken from testes for defects and then only use those that do not have defects. This completely eradicates any potential of malformed sperm posing a risk 2. Erectile Dysfunction There are many ways to try and fix erectile dysfunction, in which erection is not possible for sexual intercourse. These include changing medication if that is the cause, oral medication (Viagra), psychotherapy (if this is cause), injections into penis, hormone therapy, vascular surgery or penile prosthetic implants.