Making Volcanoes How are Volcanoes Made 1 Pressure

Making Volcanoes

How are Volcanoes Made? 1 Pressure builds up inside the Earth. 2 As the pressure increases, magma moves upwards, exploiting any weaknesses or cracks in the Earth’s crust. 3 As the pressure continues to mount, the magma erupts through the Earth’s crust causing a volcano. 4 As the lava hardens and cools, the cone shape associated with volcanoes becomes easily recognisable. 5 This process is ongoing.

Famous Volcanoes Mount Vesuvius (Italy) Stromboli (Italy) Photo courtesy of Steven W. Dengler via Wikimedia Commons- granted under creative commons licence – attribution One of the most famous volcanoes, Vesuvius once erupted for 24 hours, completely destroying the city of Pompeii and killing many people. This volcano is constantly active, with small but regular eruptions.

Famous Volcanoes Mauna Loa (Hawaii) Eyjafjallajökull (Iceland) Pronunciation: ei-ya-fyat-LA-yer-kitle Photo courtesy of David Karnå / via Wikimedia Commons- granted under creative commons licence – attribution This is one of five volcanoes that form the island of Hawaii. It erupts every 5 -30 years. This volcano famously erupted in 2010, releasing an incredible amount of ash and causing major disruption to air travel.

Making Your Volcano Equipment • Small plastic drinks bottle • Paints (various colours) • Newspaper (lots) • Glue brushes and paint brushes • Glue • Scissors Method • Fold your newspaper up to make several strips, about 1 inch thick. • Working from the bottom up, apply glue to your bottle, then wrap the newspaper strips around it. • Build up the layers to create a volcano shape – you’ll need to add more strips to the bottom to make it wider. • Remember: do not cover the hole at the top of the bottle. • When you are happy with the shape, add torn pieces of newspaper over the top to smooth out the layers. • Allow the glue to dry completely for at least 24 hours. • Paint your volcano to give it a realistic look

Making Your Volcano

Volcano Eruptions Equipment • Bicarbonate of soda • White vinegar • A teaspoon • A funnel • Red food colouring • Goggles Method • Put your goggles on. • Place the funnel in the top of your bottle. • Add 4 teaspoons of bicarbonate of soda to the bottle. • Pour a generous amount of white vinegar into a beaker and add a small amount of red food dye. • Quickly pour the vinegar into the bottle and watch the volcano erupt.

Can You Explain the Science of the Eruption? A chemical reaction occurs: the vinegar (an acid) reacts with the bicarbonate of soda, producing lots of carbon dioxide gas. This makes the liquid bubble and rise out of the volcano.

Famous Volcanoes Top Cards Use the templates provided to make your own set of volcano top cards. You will need to research the following: • highest point; • eruption cycle; • an interesting fact; • date of last eruption.