MAKING COMPARISONS REVIEW Words are made of syllables

MAKING COMPARISONS

REVIEW: � Words are made of syllables. fat = one syllable � rabbit rab-bit = two syllables � beautiful beau-ti-ful = three syllables To make the comparative of one-syllable adjectives, add -er. shorter 1. older Fill in the blanks. Use the comparative of the word in parentheses. � � � His motorcycle is ______ than yours. (fast) My hair is ______ than your hair. (long) Teresa is ______ than John. (old)

To make the superlative of one-syllable adjectives, add -est shortest oldest USE the BEFORE THE ADJECTIVE 2. Fill in the blanks. Use the comparative of the word in parentheses. � My grandmother is ______ person I know. (old) � Max's story is _______ story I've ever heard. (long)

� Adjectives that have three or more syllables form the comparative with more and the superlative with most: dangerous more dangerous most dangerous 2. Fill in the blanks. Choose the comparative or the superlative of the 3 -syllable adjective in parentheses. � � � � Health _______ than money. (important) Dolphins are _____ than sharks. (intelligent) My mom is _____ woman I know. (beautiful) English grammar is ____ than Chinese grammar. (difficult) John is _____ person I have ever met. (generous) Valentina is _____ interpreter in our class. (talented) Simultaneous Translation is _____ course in the DTIS curriculum. (difficult)

Comparative and Superlative Adjective Forms One syllable Positive Comparative Superlative taller tallest larger largest bigger biggest Three or more syllables Positive Comparative Superlative important more important most important intelligent more intelligent most intelligent generous more generous most generous

What about two-syllable adjectives? � � � Ending in –y Positive Comparative Superlative busy busier busiest happy happier happiest Ending in –er, -le, or –ow Positive Comparative Superlative cleverer cleverest gentler gentlest narrower narrowest Positive Comparative Superlative active more active most active handsome more handsome most handsome Most others

3. Complete the sentences. Choose the comparative or the superlative of the 2 -syllable adjective in parentheses. Mary is _____ person I've ever met. (thoughtful) Max is _____ than Mike. (careful) Your boyfriend is _____ than Brad Pitt. (handsome) For many Americans, Christmas is _____ time of the whole year. (busy) Big dogs are _____ than small dogs. (gentle) The roads in Tainan are _____ than the roads in Taipei. (narrow) Platinum is _____ than gold. (precious)

Spelling Changes Look at the following examples: Short adjectives with one vowel and one consonant big fat thin bigger fatter thinner biggest fattest thinnest Adjectives that end in -y funny heavy funnier heavier funniest heaviest

Irregular Adjectives Positive Comparative Superlative good better best bad worse worst farther farthest little less least many more most Fill in the blanks: Sam has _______ grades in the class. (good) Your pronunciation is _____ than mine. (good) My dog is _____ dog in the world. (well-behaved) No one’s cooking could be _____ than mine. (bad)

Some adjectives have only one degree: perfect, unique, wrong, final

比較級：-er/more…than (S 1 比 S 2 更…) Examples COUNT NOUN: 她收集的Hello Kitty 磁鐵比她姊姊多/少。 She's collected more/fewer Hello Kitty magnets than her sister (has). NON-COUNT NOUN: 我喝的咖啡比老闆多/少。 I drink more/less coffee than my boss (does). ADJECTIVE: 絲綢比棉花漂亮。 Silk is more beautiful than cotton.

同級比較句型： as…. . . as (S 1 和 S 2一樣的…) Examples COUNT NOUN: 她收集的Hello Kitty 磁鐵和她姊姊一樣多。。 She's collected as many Hello Kitty magnets as her sister (has). NON-COUNT NOUN: 我喝的咖啡和老闆一樣多。 I drink as much coffee as my boss (does).

同級比較句型： as………. . as (S 1 和 S 2一樣的…) Examples ADJECTIVES: 這個教室跟那個教室一樣大。 This classroom is as big as that classroom. 這個教室沒有那個教室[那麼] 大。 This classroom is not as big as that classroom. 我弟弟跟一樣我高。 am. My Myyoungerbrotherisisas astallas as. Ime. 我弟弟沒有我[那麼]高。 My younger brother is not as tall as I am.

倍數 – Lots of translation choices! 倍數的三種表達法： (下列用法皆是置於S + V 之後) Example: 他比她女朋友重三倍。 (1) 比較級：~ 倍數 + adj/adv比較級 + than … He is almost three times heavier than his girlfriend. (2) 同級比較：~ 倍數 + as + adj/adv原級 + as … He is almost three times as heavy as his girlfriend. He weighs almost three times as much as his girlfriend [does]. [THE MOST NATURAL IN NATIVE SPEECH? ] (3) ~ 倍數 + NP (Noun Phrase or Noun Clause)。 His weight is three times (his girlfriend’s weight). He weighs almost three times (what his girlfriend weighs/does). [This is a noun clause. ]

Rule 1: You can’t compare apples and oranges! He is almost three times his girlfriend's weight. You can’t compare a person (“he”) to a person’s weight (“his girlfriend’s weight”). You have to compare a person to a person and weight to weight.

You have to compare apples and apples… His weight is almost three times his girlfriend's [weight]. OR His weight is almost three times that of his girlfriend.

倍數 Example: 她的收入比以前多十倍。 (1) She earns ten times more than she used to. Her income is ten times more than it used to be. (2) She earns ten times as much as she used to. (3) She earns ten times (what she used to).

Rule 2: A comparison must be clear. John likes music more than Mary. THIS SENTENCE COULD HAVE TWO MEANINGS: John likes music more than Mary likes music. = John likes music more than Mary does. OR John likes music more than he likes Mary.

Classwork for Week 5 p. 175, Exercise 8 p. 180, Activity 1 Discuss how you can tell the difference between: --Taiwanese and Chinese --Taiwanese and American-born Chinese

Homework for Week 5 1. 我弟弟比我小 5歲。 My younger brother is five years younger than I am. 2. 我弟弟沒有我那麼高。 My younger brother is not as tall as I am. 3. 弟弟沒哥哥那麼帥、那麼酷。 The younger brother is not as handsome or as cool as the older brother.

Homework for Week 5 4. 他姐姐沒有他妹妹那麼喜歡買東西。 His older sister doesn’t like shopping as much as his younger sister does. 5. 今天比昨天冷一點兒。 It’s a little colder today than it was yesterday. 6. 明天會比今天冷得多。 It will be much colder tomorrow than it is today.

Homework for Week 5 7. 台灣比美國自由。 Taiwan is freer than the U. S. is. 8. 我沒有他那麼喜歡刷卡。 I don’t like to use credit cards as much as he does. 9. 今天比昨天熱嗎？ Is it hotter today than it was yesterday?

Homework for Week 5 10. 這篇課文比那篇課文短嗎？ Is this text shorter than that one? 11. 我想要變得跟他一樣勇敢。 I would like to be(come) as brave as he is. 12. 絲綢比棉花漂亮。 Silk is more beautiful than cotton.

Homework for Week 5 13. 這杯茶的味道跟那杯的差不多。 This cup of tea tastes about the same as as that one [does]. The flavor of this cup of tea and that cup of tea are about the same. 14. 他說英語說得比我流利。 He speaks English more fluently than I do. His English is more fluent than mine.

Homework for Week 5 15. 北京市總面積比上海大一倍有餘，人口比上海稍少。 [ENDLESS CHOICES!] Beijing is more than twice as large as Shanghai in surface area, but it is somewhat smaller in population. The total surface area of Beijing is more than twice that of Shanghai, but Beijing’s population is somewhat smaller. Beijing has a surface area that is more than double that of Shanghai, but it has a somewhat smaller population. Beijing’s surface area is more than double Shanghai’s, but its population is somewhat smaller. In area, Beijing is more than twice the size of Shanghai; in population, it is slightly smaller. Beijing has more than twice the area that Shanghai does, with a slightly smaller population.

Homework for Week 6 Pretend that you are introducing your company’s product or service to potential customers. Write 5 COMPARATIVE sentences that tell why your product or service is better than your competitor’s.