Major rock types classified by origin CONSOLIDATED ROCK

Major rock types classified by origin CONSOLIDATED ROCK UNCONSOLIDATED ROCK Origin: Example: Volcanic 1): Basalt Origin: Example: Sedimentary: Gravel Rhyolite Intrusive 1): Granite Gabbro Metamorphic: Gneiss Schist Sedimentary: Conglomerate Sandstone Sand Shale Silt Limestone Clay

Madonah Jordan

Permeabilities of common rock types ROCK TYPE RANGE OF PERMEBILITIES (m/day) UNCONSOLIDATED ROCK Gravel 200 over 1000 1) Coarse sand 1) Medium to coarse 50 200 sand 1) Fine to medium sand 1) 20 70 5 30 Fine sand 2) 10 1 10 Silt 10 3 10 1 Sandy clay 10 3 "Loose" clay 10 7 10 3 Compact clay 10 10 5 1 CONSOLIDATED ROCK Vesicular basalt 10 3 103 1) Karstic limestone 10 1 103 1) Fractured sandstone 10 3 Limestone, non karstic 10 6 10 1 Shale 10 8 10 4 Fractured intrusive/metamorphic rock 10 3 10 Unfractured intrusive/metamorphic rock 10 9 10 5 1) with very low silt content 2) 1 with varying silt content

Hydro geological classification Aquifer = Rock with medium to high permeability Aquitard = Rock with a low permeability Aquiclude = Rock with (almost) zero permeability Aquifuge = Rock with zero permeability and no water

Hydro geological map of Northern China

Aquifer classification Phreatic aquifer = Is in direct contact with atmosphere Perched aquifer = As phreatic, but isolated Semi confined aquifer = Is overlain by aquitard 1) Fully confined aquifer = Is overlain by aquiclude 1) 1) Only where aquifer is fully saturated