Major Civil War Battles October 1861 Battle of

Major Civil War Battles October 1861 - Battle of Bull Run May 1863 - Battle of Chancellorsville April 1862 - Battle of Shiloh September 1862 -Battle of Antietam July 1863 - Battle of Gettysburg April 9, 1865 - Surrender at Appomattox

Battle of Bull Run (July, 1861) • Bull Run. Virginia • Hundreds of Union spectators come out to watch their army destroy the Confederates. • Southern troops did not run as expected. • General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson inspires his men. • 3, 000 Union deaths/2, 000 Confederates • Bull Run was important because it proved that the war would be long and bloody. President Lincoln appoints “cautious” George Mclellan as new commander.

First Battle of Bull Run near Manassas, VA.

The Ironclads n n The Merrimack and the Monitor introduced a new age of naval warfare to the world. These two war ships were covered with iron plating protecting them when under fire. Even though the two ships did not float very well both it showed everyone the new kinds of technology that the war introduced to the world. The Confederate army took one of the abandoned Federal steam frigates added iron shingles and turned it into an almost undefeatable nightmare for the Union marines. The ship rammed two wooden Union ships, the Cumberland the Congress. None of wooden vessels were a match for the Merrimack. However, the very next day the north also displayed an armor clad ship, the Monitor. When the two ships challenged each other on March 9, 1862 there was no telling who would win.

General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson General of the Confederate Army. n Earned his name by standing his ground during the Battle of Bull Run. n Won many victories for the Confederacy. n

Battle of Antietam (September, 1862) • Antietam, Maryland • General Robert E. Lee goes on the offensive. • Lee’s messenger loses his battle plans. 2 Union soldiers find plans and give them to General Mc. Clellan. • Mc. Clellan still “cautious” to attack. • 23, 000 soldiers killed • Neither side really won, but since Lee withdrew his troops —give it to the Union. • Mc. Clellan is fired by President Lincoln and replaced by General Ambrose Burnside.

The Battle of Antietam General Robert E. Lee General Ambrose Burnside Fired General “Cautious” George Mc. Clellan

Battle of Fredericksburg (Dec. 1862) n n n Union army marched towards Richmond once again. Led by Gen. Burnside Gen. Lee retreated to a hill and fought defensively. Burnsides’ troops charged and lost 6<> times. One of the worst Union defeats during the war. 13, 000 Union dead/4, 500 Confederates.

Battle of Chancellorsville, VA (May 1863) Lee and Jackson together defeat the Union in 3 days. n Nervous Confederates fire at what they thought was a Union rider—Who was it? n Stonewall Jackson n R. I. P. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson

Battle of Shiloh, TN (April 1862) War in the West focused on controlling the Mississippi River. n Union was winning easily. n General Ulysses S. Grant and his determination prevail at Shiloh. n Victory allows Union to eventually control both ends of the Mississippi. n Union General Ulysses S. Grant

Shiloh Battlefield

Civil War Drummers

Major Civil War Battles July 1861 - Battle of Bull Run April 1862 - Battle of Shiloh September 1862 -Battle of Antietam December 1862 - Battle of Fredericksburg May 1863 - Battle of Chancellorsville

Emancipation Proclamation (September 22, 1862) n “On the 1 st day of January, in the year of our Lord 1863, all persons held as slaves within any state or…part of a state (whose) people…shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free. ”

African Americans in the War By the end of the war, nearly 200, 000 African Americans fought for the Union. 40, 000 lost their lives. 54 th Massachusetts Regiment Attacked Confederate troops at Fort Wagner in Charleston, South Carolina. ½ the men died but “proved themselves among the bravest of the brave, performing deeds of daring and shedding their blood with a heroism unsurpassed by soldiers of any race. ”

Fort Wagner n n July 1863 Confederate control strong fort near Charleston, SC. North attacks the fort and loses badly. 54 th Massachusetts fights bravely and earns respect from white generals, troops.

Women in the War 2, 000 women served as Nurses during the Civil War. Loreta Janeta Velazquez Disguised herself as a man to fight in battle of Shiloh and Bull Run. Clara Barton—Nurse Founded the American Red Cross. Civil War Medical Kit

Fall of Vicksburg, Mississippi n n n Vicksburg was the last Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River. Grant and his men battled for six weeks. July 4 th, 1863 Confederates surrendered —they had no food. Entire Mississippi now controlled by Union = Confederacy is split in 2. “Total War” launched against South.

n n n Battle of Gettysburg, PA After victory at Chancellorsville, Lee moves to attack by surprise, then capture DC. (July, 1863) 3 -day battle marked by “Pickett’s charge. ”(15, 000 men) Huge defeat for Confederates. 40, 000 men dead or wounded. *South would never again attack the North. Gatehouse to the Evergreen Cemetery. Open field surgery as an amputation is performed at a Union hospital tent. Dead Union troops.

Pickett’s Charge at Gettysburg

Gettysburg Address/Election 1864 “We here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that the gov’t of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the Earth. ” Abe Lincoln (Nov. 19, 1863) Mc. Clellan (D) Pro-slavery Lincoln (R)Antislavery “With malice toward none, with charity for all…let us strive…to bind up the nation’s wounds…to do all which may achieve a just and a lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations. ” --Lincoln (2 nd Inaugural address)

Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse, VA (April 9, 1865) General Robert E. Lee surrenders to General Ulysses S. Grant. -Grant is generous by letting the Confederate officers keep their pistols, and the soldiers to keep their horses. “The war is over. The rebels are our countrymen again. ”

Battles of Gettysburg/Appomattox

Effects of the War n 360, 000 Union soldiers killed. n 250, 000 Confederate soldiers killed. n Union is secure—Federal gov’t strong. n Freedom for African Americans— 13 th amendment, 14 th amendment, 15 th amendment. n South resents North because of “total war. ” Pass Jim Crowe Laws—keep south segregated.

Total War