Magnetometer Frontend ASIC MFA Magnes 1 W H

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Magnetometer Front-end ASIC (MFA) Magnes 1), W. , H. Hauer 2), A. Valavanoglou 1),

Magnetometer Front-end ASIC (MFA) Magnes 1), W. , H. Hauer 2), A. Valavanoglou 1), M. Oberst 2), H. Neubauer 2), D. Pierce 3), J. Means 3), I. Jernej 1), C. Hagen 1), W. Baumjohann 1) and P. Falkner 4) 1) Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences 2) 3) Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits , Germany Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics , UCLA, USA 4) European Space Research and Technology Centre, ESA AMICSA-08, 2 nd Sept. 2008 IGPP/UCLA

Magnetometer Front-end ASIC § Overview of System Level Design § Test Results and Performance

Magnetometer Front-end ASIC § Overview of System Level Design § Test Results and Performance § Summary of Radiation Tests § MFA-2 Summary Tables § Ongoing Redesign Activities § Application as 4 - to 11 -Channel Housekeeping ADC § Radiation Hardening Options for Missions to Jupiter § Conclusion AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal 2

Magnetometer Front-end ASIC § Overview of System Level Design § Test Results and Performance

Magnetometer Front-end ASIC § Overview of System Level Design § Test Results and Performance § Summary of Radiation Tests § MFA-2 Summary Tables § Ongoing Redesign Activities § Application as 4 - to 11 -Channel Housekeeping ADC § Radiation Hardening Options for Missions to Jupiter § Conclusion AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal 3

Block Diagram of MFA-2 § Analog Part: § Digital Part: - 3 fluxgate channels

Block Diagram of MFA-2 § Analog Part: § Digital Part: - 3 fluxgate channels with LNA - Primary and sec. decimation filter - 1 housekeeping channel w/mux. - 4 -wire serial synchronous I/F - Reference generation - Command decoder, Clk-generation - 4 spare op-amps - Test bus interface AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal 4

Fluxgate Sensor § Design of IGEP, TU Braunschweig (Germany) - Rosetta, Venus Express, Themis

Fluxgate Sensor § Design of IGEP, TU Braunschweig (Germany) - Rosetta, Venus Express, Themis - a) Sensor core: 2 entwined ring-cores with pick-up coils - b) Complete sensor: excitation, pick-up and feedback § Measures magnetic field vector: DC-100 Hz, p. T to m. T AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal 5

Fluxgate Signals in Discrete Analog AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal 6

Fluxgate Signals in Discrete Analog AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal 6

Delta-Sigma Fluxgate Magnes W, et al. 2003 A sigma-delta fluxgate magnetometer for space applications,

Delta-Sigma Fluxgate Magnes W, et al. 2003 A sigma-delta fluxgate magnetometer for space applications, Meas. Sci. Technol. 14 1003 -1012 AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal 7

Package and Chip Monograph Magnetometer Front-end ASIC (0. 35μm CMOS from austriamicrosystems) in a

Package and Chip Monograph Magnetometer Front-end ASIC (0. 35μm CMOS from austriamicrosystems) in a 100 -pin CQFP package being soldered to an adapter board AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal Chip micrograph of MFA-2 (ca. 20 mm 2) 8

Magnetometer Front-end ASIC § Overview of System Level Design § Test Results and Performance

Magnetometer Front-end ASIC § Overview of System Level Design § Test Results and Performance § Summary of Radiation Tests § MFA-2 Summary Tables § Ongoing Redesign Activities § Application as 4 - to 11 -Channel Housekeeping ADC § Radiation Hardening Options for Missions to Jupiter § Conclusion AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal 9

Final Test Configuration § MFA EGSE - Interface adapter - Power supply - Connection

Final Test Configuration § MFA EGSE - Interface adapter - Power supply - Connection to host-PC AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal § VEXMAG sensor - IGEP TU-Braunschweig § Test board (ver. 4) - 9 x 6 cm 2 10

Noise Performance (1/2) § Ideally configured FLUX channel § SNDR and DR of HK

Noise Performance (1/2) § Ideally configured FLUX channel § SNDR and DR of HK channel - Noise floor <100 Hz dominated by sensor noise - Data after prim. decimation filter (128 Hz, fc=30 Hz) - Increase of quant. noise of 80 d. B/dec (gain setting correct) - SNDRmax=92 d. B - Harmonic distortion > 95 d. B AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal - DR=98 d. B 11

Noise Performance (2/2) Noise Source: Sensor § MFA-1 (black) vs. MFA-2 (red) - 1/f-noise

Noise Performance (2/2) Noise Source: Sensor § MFA-1 (black) vs. MFA-2 (red) - 1/f-noise in MFA-1 < 10 Hz - No 1/f-noise in MFA-2 due to Correlated Double Sampling (CDS) AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal MFA ΣΔ § MFA-2 and MMS sensor (UCLA) - Lowest noise level ever measured with this sensor - 25 mm ring-cores with twin pick-up system 12

SNDR and Dynamic Range § Housekeeping Channel - 128 Hz, fc=30 Hz: SNDRmax=92 d.

SNDR and Dynamic Range § Housekeeping Channel - 128 Hz, fc=30 Hz: SNDRmax=92 d. B, DR=98 d. B - 2 Hz, fc=1 Hz: SNDRmax=98 d. B, DR=114 d. B § Fluxgate Channels - 128 Hz, fc=30 Hz: SNDRmax=85 d. B, DR=91 d. B - 2 Hz, fc=1 Hz: SNDRmax=97 d. B, DR=103 d. B - Less performance gain at lower frequencies due to 1/f noise of fluxgate sensor AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal 13

Magnetometer Front-end ASIC § Overview of System Level Design § Test Results and Performance

Magnetometer Front-end ASIC § Overview of System Level Design § Test Results and Performance § Summary of Radiation Tests § MFA-2 Summary Tables § Ongoing Redesign Activities § Application as 4 - to 11 -Channel Housekeeping ADC § Radiation Hardening Options for Missions to Jupiter § Conclusion AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal 14

Radiation Tests (ESA Facilities) § TID test 1 - 2 -2 cascaded modulator from

Radiation Tests (ESA Facilities) § TID test 1 - 2 -2 cascaded modulator from Fraunhofer IIS - Up to 115 krad § TID test 2 (MFA-1) - Functional up to 260 krad - Linear drop of SNDR (0. 04 d. B/krad) § TID test 3 (MFA-2) - Functional up to 300 krad - 1/f noise above 130 krad § Single Event Test (MFA-1) - SEL LETTH of 14. 1 Me. V*cm²/mg - σSAT of 10 -3 cm 2/device AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal 15

TID Test with MFA-2 § Fully functional up to 300 krad § Test board

TID Test with MFA-2 § Fully functional up to 300 krad § Test board was configured in external voltage mode - Fluxgate channels with different ranges and set-ups § Increase of 1/f-noise with TID above 170 krad § All four channels show same behaviour § No difference between internal and external voltage reference § Increased noise disappears after 10 day annealing at room temp. AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal 16

Magnetometer Front-end ASIC § Overview of System Level Design § Test Results and Performance

Magnetometer Front-end ASIC § Overview of System Level Design § Test Results and Performance § Summary of Radiation Tests § MFA-2 Summary Tables § Ongoing Redesign Activities § Application as 4 - to 11 -Channel Housekeeping ADC § Radiation Hardening Options for Missions to Jupiter § Conclusion AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal 17

Summary Tables MFA Summary MFA Performance Characteristics MFA Resource Requirements AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008,

Summary Tables MFA Summary MFA Performance Characteristics MFA Resource Requirements AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal 18

Magnetometer Front-end ASIC § Overview of System Level Design § Test Results and Performance

Magnetometer Front-end ASIC § Overview of System Level Design § Test Results and Performance § Summary of Radiation Tests § MFA-2 Summary Tables § Ongoing Redesign Activities § Application as 4 - to 11 -Channel Housekeeping ADC § Radiation Hardening Options for Missions to Jupiter § Conclusion AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal 19

Block Diagram of MFA-3 § Redesign is ongoing; Tape-out in Dec. 2008 § Modifications

Block Diagram of MFA-3 § Redesign is ongoing; Tape-out in Dec. 2008 § Modifications in blue (minor) and red (major) - Functional block basically the same as for MFA-2 § NASA level 2 qualification in 2009 (Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission) § Proposed for Cross Scale Mission (Cosmic Vision M-class candidate) AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal 20

Magnetometer Front-end ASIC § Overview of System Level Design § Test Results and Performance

Magnetometer Front-end ASIC § Overview of System Level Design § Test Results and Performance § Summary of Radiation Tests § MFA-2 Summary Tables § Ongoing Redesign Activities § Application as 4 - to 11 -Channel Housekeeping ADC § Radiation Hardening Options for Missions to Jupiter § Conclusion AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal 21

MFA as General Purpose ADC § The MFA is at the same time a

MFA as General Purpose ADC § The MFA is at the same time a 4 - to 11 -channel general purpose ADC § Configuration A: - 4 channels with 128 Hz data rate - X, Y and Z with flexible input range up to ± 10 V and HK (A 1) with ± 1. 25 V § Configuration B: - 3 channels with 128 Hz data rate and flexible range (X, Y and Z) - 1 channel with 2 Hz and ± 1. 25 V; 5 channels with 2 Hz and ± 0. 625 V - 2 additional channels measure supply voltage and MFA temp. with 2 Hz AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal 22

Magnetometer Front-end ASIC § Overview of System Level Design § Test Results and Performance

Magnetometer Front-end ASIC § Overview of System Level Design § Test Results and Performance § Summary of Radiation Tests § MFA-2 Summary Tables § Ongoing Redesign Activities § Application as 4 - to 11 -Channel Housekeeping ADC § Radiation Hardening Options for Missions to Jupiter § Conclusion AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal 23

Radiation Hardening § MFA-3 is a candidate for a number of missions in the

Radiation Hardening § MFA-3 is a candidate for a number of missions in the frame of Cosmic Vision: e. g. Cross Scale (MFA-3 as is) and Laplace (radiation hard MFA required). - Latch-up protection circuit is mandatory § It is considered to make future MFA designs fully radiation hard by - either developing a rad-hard digital library for the currently used C 35 process from austriamicrosystems - or to transfer the current design to a process with an existing rad-hard, digital library (e. g. UMC 0. 18 μm) in the upcoming years. AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal 24

Magnetometer Front-end ASIC § Overview of System Level Design § Test Results and Performance

Magnetometer Front-end ASIC § Overview of System Level Design § Test Results and Performance § Summary of Radiation Tests § MFA-2 Summary Tables § Ongoing Redesign Activities § Application as 4 - to 11 -Channel Housekeeping ADC § Radiation Hardening Options for Missions to Jupiter § Conclusion AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal 25

MFA Benefits § Miniaturization § TID hardness § Power consumption § Offset stability with

MFA Benefits § Miniaturization § TID hardness § Power consumption § Offset stability with competitive performance! AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal 26

Acknowledgements § The authors would like to thank the European Space Agency, Advanced Studies

Acknowledgements § The authors would like to thank the European Space Agency, Advanced Studies and Technology Preparation Division for funding this project under contract no. 18391/04/NL/HB § and the Institute of Meteorology and extraterrestrial Physics, Technical University in Braunschweig/Germany (namely Prof. K. -H. Glassmeier and K. -H. Fornacon) for the support of the MFA project with the fluxgate sensors of the Engineering Model magnetometer developed for the Venus Express mission. AMICSA-08, 02 Sept. 2008, Cascais/Sintra, Portugal 27

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