Magic 3 Three items in a series separated

Magic 3 Three items in a series, separated by commas that create a poetic rhythm or add support for a point, especially when the items have their own modifiers.

Magic three example: "She blinked her blue-green eyes, chewed on a lacquered nail and frowned at the interviewer. ”

Magic three example: Three responses! Three questions Three verbs in a series "I'm afraid to jump, " said one chicken. "Oh, " said the others. "Me too. " "Me three. " "Me four. " "What if we can't jump that far? " "What if we fall in a ditch? " "What if we get sucked into the mud? " The chickens tutted, putted, and flutted. They butted into themselves and each other until. . . (Helakoski)

Your turn! Exercise: Write a paragraph about a farm animal using the Magic Three to describe the animal's actions. o t e Have the animal(s) m i ! • Give 3 similar responses for effect T e r a • Ask 3 questions for effect h s • Do 3 actions for effect

Figurative Language Non-literal comparisons – such as similes, metaphors, alliteration, assonance, hyperbole, and personification – add “spice” to writing and can help paint a more vivid picture for the reader.

• Similes: comparison of 2 different things using the words like or as Is this a simile? e l i m i • He would like me to forget my homework. s a T O N Two objects are NOT being compared; even though, the word like is in the sentence.

Is this a simile? Yes , it’ “That quarter inch of rain did s a S wonders for Ma, too, who is ripe as a melon these days. ” (Hesse, 55) IMI LE! Ma is being compared to a melon.

YOUR TURN! Write two similes, one using like and one using as Need an idea? Compare your empty stomach to an animal.

Metaphor: comparing TWO different things sometimes saying one thing is another Is this a metaphor? Yes , thi s is “She’s [Ma’s] an old mule on the a m subject of my schooling, ” explained etap hor Billie Jo. (Hesse) ! Billie Jo doesn’t mean that Ma is actually a mule. She is just comparing her to one to explain that Ma is stubborn.

Is this a metaphor? ! s e Y The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet. This metaphor explains that the beginning (roots) of your educational experience may be harsh (bitter), but the reward (fruit) is satisfying (sweet).

YOUR TURN! ! e r a h s Need an idea? Compare o t e your life to an object and m i T then explain the Write two metaphors. connection.

. I. Y. F What are these letters? S N O C N O N A ! S T

clip Alliteration: the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words, two or more per line Consonants= ALL letters EXCEPT a, e, i, o, u which are vowels. Of the following, which lines are examples of alliteration? tition here. e p e r o n is e r Moon, hear me sing NO! The s are d n u o s L VOWE g n i n n i g e in! The b a g a o nants. N o On top of the Orange Julius s n o c T NO repeated YES! The K, C and Q sounds are all the same Keyboard clicks quietly consonant sound are repeated in the line. See the sun shine Lion, lion oh you roar YES! The S sound is repeated. epea r e r a s ord nds. t sou n a n o s ot con ted n NO! W NO! The letter T is repeated NOT The trumpet announces the morning. the sound.

There are 3 examples of alliteration here. Which lines are they found? (1) Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary, ! e r a h s o t e m i T (2) Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore, (3) While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, (4) As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door. (5) `'Tis some visitor, ' I muttered, `tapping at my chamber door (6)Only this, and nothing more. ‘ 1 st stanza of The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe Your turn! Now, write your own TWO examples. Need an idea? Write about how the morning feels on the way to school

clip Assonance: the repetition of beginning vowel sounds We Real Cool 4 e r a e r f e o h T s e l p m a ? x e e c n a n o d s n s i f a u o y n Ca ? m e h t BY GWENDOLYN BROOKS We real cool. We Left school. We Lurk late. We Strike straight. We Sing sin. We Thin gin. We Jazz June. We Die soon.

Hyperbole: an exaggeration for emphasis or effect Mile-high ice cream cones

YOUR TURN! ! e r a h s o t e m i T Create a HYPERBOLE (exaggeration) of your own! Need an idea? Sh are how mu ch you LOVE la nguage arts!

Personification: giving objects HUMAN traits or actions g are in w o ll o f e th f o Which xamples? e n o ti a ic if n o rs pe Opportunity knocked on the door. The tree looked old. YES! No! Time never waits for anyone. YES! The magazine picture shouted for attention. YES! The radio turned off after 10 minutes. No!

YOUR TURN! ! e r a h s o t e m i T Write an example of personification. Need an idea? Think of the moon, stars or sun and think of a human action that these objects could do.

Hyphenated Modifiers Sometimes a new way of saying something can make all the difference; hyphenated adjectives often cause the reader to “sit up and take notice. ”

Hyphen rules: Rule 1: Always use a hyphen between numbers such as twentyfive. YOUR TURN! Write a number that requires a hyphen. Rule 2: When a group of words are being used as a SINGLE descriptor before a NOUN, then the words need hyphens. Which sentence is correct and WHY? 1. I hope you can come up with an easy-to-remember rule to help me know when to use the hyphen. 2. I hope you can come up with a rule that is easy-toremember.

Hyphen rules: Rule 1: Always use a hyphen between numbers such as twentyfive. YOUR TURN! Write a number that requires a hyphen. Rule 2: When a group of words are being used as a SINGLE descriptor before a NOUN, then the words need hyphens. Which sentence is correct and WHY? Single descriptor noun 1. I hope you can come up with an easy-to-remember rule to help me know when to use the hyphen. 2. I hope you can come up with a rule that is easy to remember.

Rule 3: We never use a hyphen between an -ly adverb + adjective combination in front of a noun or pronoun. Here are examples with the -ly adverb + adjective constructions: adverb adjective noun She was a highly motivated employee. adverb adjective noun Some of the most critically acclaimed films of the year were not honored at the Academy Awards ceremony.

TEST YOURSELF: Where do we need hyphens in the following sentences? Some sentences may be correct. 1. Schools are often categorized according to the number of free and reduced lunch students enrolled. 2. Highly motivated working parents find enriching after school programs for their children. 3. Fred was applauded for his behind the scenes efforts to raise the capital necessary to launch the company. 4. Our long range plan included several company specific marketing strategies. 5. Home based educational services are provided to children on a case by case basis. 6. The play was well rehearsed by a troupe of extremely professional actors. http: //www. getitwriteonline. com/archive/040201 Hyph. Adj. htm

TEST YOURSELF: Where do we need hyphens in the following sentences? Some sentences may be correct. 1. Schools are often categorized according to the number of free-and-reduced-lunch students enrolled. 2. Highly motivated working parents find enriching after school programs for their children. 3. Fred was applauded for his behind the scenes efforts to raise the capital necessary to launch the company. 4. Our long range plan included several company specific marketing strategies. 5. Home based educational services are provided to children on a case by case basis. 6. The play was well rehearsed by a troupe of extremely professional actors. http: //www. getitwriteonline. com/archive/040201 Hyph. Adj. htm

TEST YOURSELF: Where do we need hyphens in the following sentences? Some sentences may be correct. 1. Schools are often categorized according to the number of free-and-reduced-lunch students enrolled. 2. Highly motivated working parents find enriching after-school programs for their children. 3. Fred was applauded for his behind the scenes efforts to raise the capital necessary to launch the company. 4. Our long range plan included several company specific marketing strategies. 5. Home based educational services are provided to children on a case by case basis. 6. The play was well rehearsed by a troupe of extremely professional actors. http: //www. getitwriteonline. com/archive/040201 Hyph. Adj. htm

TEST YOURSELF: Where do we need hyphens in the following sentences? Some sentences may be correct. 1. Schools are often categorized according to the number of free-and-reduced-lunch students enrolled. 2. Highly motivated working parents find enriching after-school programs for their children. 3. Fred was applauded for his behind-the-scenes efforts to raise the capital necessary to launch the company. 4. Our long range plan included several company specific marketing strategies. 5. Home based educational services are provided to children on a case by case basis. 6. The play was well rehearsed by a troupe of extremely professional actors. http: //www. getitwriteonline. com/archive/040201 Hyph. Adj. htm

TEST YOURSELF: Where do we need hyphens in the following sentences? Some sentences may be correct. 1. Schools are often categorized according to the number of free-and-reduced-lunch students enrolled. 2. Highly motivated working parents find enriching after-school programs for their children. 3. Fred was applauded for his behind-the-scenes efforts to raise the capital necessary to launch the company. 4. Our long-range plan included several company-specific marketing strategies. 5. Home based educational services are provided to children on a case by case basis. 6. The play was well rehearsed by a troupe of extremely professional actors. http: //www. getitwriteonline. com/archive/040201 Hyph. Adj. htm

TEST YOURSELF: Where do we need hyphens in the following sentences? Some sentences may be correct. 1. Schools are often categorized according to the number of free-and-reduced-lunch students enrolled. 2. Highly motivated working parents find enriching after-school programs for their children. 3. Fred was applauded for his behind-the-scenes efforts to raise the capital necessary to launch the company. 4. Our long-range plan included several company-specific marketing strategies. 5. Home-based educational services are provided to children on a case-by-case basis. 6. The play was well rehearsed by a troupe of extremely professional actors. http: //www. getitwriteonline. com/archive/040201 Hyph. Adj. htm

TEST YOURSELF: Where do we need hyphens in the following sentences? Some sentences may be correct. 1. Schools are often categorized according to the number of free-and-reduced-lunch students enrolled. 2. Highly motivated working parents find enriching after-school programs for their children. 3. Fred was applauded for his behind-the-scenes efforts to raise the capital necessary to launch the company. 4. Our long-range plan included several company-specific marketing strategies. 5. Home-based educational services are provided to children on a case-by-case basis. 6. The play was well-rehearsed by a troupe of extremely professional actors. http: //www. getitwriteonline. com/archive/040201 Hyph. Adj. htm

Your turn! "She rolled her eyes at her mother and turned her nose up with a "god-I-can't-believe-you-actually-said-that sniff. " ! e r a h s o t e m i T Exercise: Write your own hyphenated modifiers. 1. Mom and Dad went in the back room for one of their _________________ talks. 2. The most popular girl in school threw me one of her _________________ looks. 3. The dog had a ____________ face. 4. His fingernails were of the ______ variety. 5. She put her feet into the _______shoes.

Specific Details for Effect Instead of general, vague descriptions, specific sensory details help the reader visualize the person, place, thing, or idea that you are describing.

Example of specific details for effect Read and identify 4 -5 specific details “The smell rushed at me as soon as I stepped inside. The hallway had that mama-don't-cook -nothin-without-onions smell. It lingered on top of musty cigarette smoke, the kind that never quite comes out of the carpet, no matter how long ago the smoker left. My arms rippled with goose bumps. I'd been here before. “ http: //www. helakoskibooks. com/smiley. htm

Example of specific details for effect ? d n i f u o y d i d s l i a t e d t a h W “The smell rushed at me as soon as I stepped inside. The hallway had that mamadon't-cook-nothin-without-onions smell. It lingered on top of musty cigarette smoke, the kind that never quite comes out of the carpet, no matter how long ago the smoker left. My arms rippled with goose bumps. I'd been here before. “ http: //www. helakoskibooks. com/smiley. htm

Your turn! Exercise: Describe a place in a barnyard or in a city you have seen. *Use specific details and appeal to at least 3 of the 5 senses as you describe the scene. *Attempt a simile, metaphor, alliteration, personification or hyphenated modifier to emphasize the sensory details.

s of l l e m s r the Conside barn. or the city you o d s l i eta What d er? b m e r Consider the feel of the city or barn. Cons i the c der the s ig ity or barn hts of . Wha t reme details d o you mbe r? What details do you remember? of s d n u he so t r e d i Cons arn. b r o y t the ci ou y o d details t a h W er? b m e rem Consid e the cit r the tastes y or ba of rn. What de remem tails do you ber?

Repetition for Effect Writers often repeat chosen words or phrases to make a point, to stress certain ideas for the reader.

Which lines are an example of repetition for effect? (1)Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary, (2) Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore, (3) While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, (4) As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door. (5) `'Tis some visitor, ' I muttered, `tapping at my chamber door (6)Only this, and nothing more. 1 st stanza of The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe

Identify another example of repetition for effect. The woods are lovely, dark and deep. But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep. Last stanza in Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening by Robert Frost

The “Dash” Writers will sometimes use a dash to demonstrate importance of ideas or where there already many commas.

Dashes in Summaries and Additional Information Rule #1: Use a dash to indicate a summarizing clause. Example: Jane, Daniel, Susan and I–we all were taken aback. Your turn! Write a 2 nd example sentence now. Rule #2: Use a dash to indicate an emphasized addition. Example: He prayed to his God–to Allah. Your turn! Write a 2 nd example sentence now. Rule #3: Use a dash to enclose emphasized additional information which interrupts the normal progression of the sentence. Example: He wanted us–Caron, Susan and me–to meet his family. Your turn! Write a 2 nd example sentence now. http: //www. ego 4 u. com/en/cram-up/writing/dash

http: //www. ego 4 u. com/en/cram-up/writing/dash Rule #4: Dashes and emphasis Depending on the importance attached to it, additional information can be enclosed in parentheses, commas or dashes. parentheses - not important Connor (Amy's boyfriend) bought the tickets. Commas - neutral Connor, Amy's boyfriend, bought the tickets. Dashes - emphasized Connor–Amy's boyfriend–bought the tickets.

Your turn! Write an example using parentheses - not important Write an example using commas - neutral Write an example using dashes - emphasized