Magazines Magazine launches Martha Stewart Living 1991 O
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Magazines
Magazine launches • Martha Stewart Living (1991) • O, The Oprah Magazine (2000) • Mc. Calls becomes Rosie (2001) »
Early History of Magazines • “magazine” from French word magasin, meaning storehouse or shop • Colonial magazines - first in 1741, Philadelphia • 1776 - about 100 operating
Early History of Magazines – North American Review (1815) – Saturday Evening Post (1821)
Early History of Magazines • 1850 - nearly 600 magazines Godey’s Lady’s Book (1850 s)
Early History of Magazines • The Nation (1865) • 1870 s - about 1200 magazines • Postal Act of 1879: postal rates went down
Early History of Magazines Pictorial Pioneers
Harper’s Weekly/Photos around 1890
Early History of Magazines • 1905 - more than 6000 • In 1903, Ladies’ Home Journal reached circulation of 1 million.
Early History of Magazines • Magazines help readers to see themselves as part of nation
Social Reform and Muckrakers
Social Reform and Muckrakers
Social Reform and Muckrakers
Social Reform and Muckrakers
Social Reform and Muckrakers • President Theodore Roosevelt, 1906: reporters willing to crawl through “muck” of society to uncover story.
Social Reform and Muckrakers • 1902, Mc. Clure’s Magazine (1893 -1933) – Ida Tarbell’s book The History of the Standard Oil Company on John D. Rockefeller’s big oil monopoly.
Social Reform and Muckrakers – Lincoln Steffens’ “Shame of the Cities” on urban problems.
Social Reform and Muckrakers • 1906, Cosmopolitan (1886 - ) purchased by Hearst, series called “The Treason of the Senate”
Social Reform and Muckrakers • Collier’s “The Great American Fraud” series on patent medicines. SAMUEL HOPKINS ADAMS
Social Reform and Muckrakers
• Upton Sinclair’s novel The Jungle and Collier’s and LHJ muckraking reports, led to the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906.
Rise of General Interest Magazines • Saturday Evening Post - hits 2 million in 1920 s. • Reader’s Digest - by 1946, most popular magazine, hits 9 million circulation.
Rise of General Interest Magazines • Time (1923 - ) and national newsweeklies 1933
Rise of General Interest Magazines • Life (1936) - photojournalism
The Fall of General Interest Magazines • Saturday Evening Post folds, 1969 • Look folds, 1971 • Life folds, 1972 – – All three in top 10 Selling for less than cost of production Relied on subscriptions, with high mailing rates Advertisers migrated to TV to reach general audience
The Fall of General Interest Magazines • TV Guide (1953) - most newspapers didn’t do TV program listings. A huge success. Demonstrated sales power of supermarket checkout sales. • Rupert Murdoch’s News Corp. bought in 1988. Why? Sold in 2000.
The Fall of General Interest Magazines • People finds success as new general interest magazine in 1974. Emerges from Time section.
Specialization • Regional editions - content tailored to different geographic regions • Split-run editions - national magazines that tailor ads to different regions • Demographic editions - ads target different consumers by occupation, class and zip code
Categories • Magazines are developed for many NICHES – (Primedia video) • Currently about 12, 000 magazines in U. S.
Fragmented Marketplace • Of the 12, 000 consumer magazines, only about 90 have circulation of more than one million The largest magazines?
Fragmented Marketplace • Of the 12, 000 consumer magazines, only about 90 have circulation of more than one million AARP Bulletin (21. 5 million) AARP The Magazine Reader’s Digest TV Guide Better Homes and Gardens
Supermarket Tabloids • The National Enquirer
Making magazines • Editorial Content (about 50 -50) • Advertising and Sales – $64, 000 fullpage ad – $20, 000 1/3 page ad • Circulation and Distribution – Evergreens – Paid circulation
Major Chains • • • Time Warner Meredith Publishing Hearst Corporation Bertelsmann Hachette Filipachi Advance Publications/Condé Nast
• Online Magazines – Salon – Slate
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