Made by Dominika Kupka Maria Herok The rational

Made by Dominika Kupka Maria Herok

The rational use of energy from renewable sources is one of the essential conditions for sustainable and possible to maintain regional development that brings measurable effects environmental and energy. Decreasing global natural resources pose an increasing challenge to maintain sustainable economic development with simultaneous action to improve the quality of the environment. The increase in the share of renewable energy in the fuel and energy balance helps to improve the efficiency and the use energy resources, to improve the environment by reducing the pollution to air and water and reducing the amount of waste produced. Renewable energy sources improve the level of regional energy security and bring a range of social and economic benefits at the local level.

Hydropower the mechanical energy of flowing water converted into electricity in hydroelectric power or directly to drive machines - drives a turbine or water wheel. Gordon Dam in Tasmania

Geothermal energy is the natural heat of the Earth's interior, accumulated in rocks and filled with fluids. Geothermal heat consists of the heat arising in the Earth's core and the heat being the effect of changes of radioactive elements and chemical reactions. Geothermal borehole in the vicinity of Reykjavík

Solar energy technologies are based on the use of thermal energy for heating purposes, as well as the use of solar radiation to produce electricity. Nellis Solar Power Plant in the US

Wind energy the kinetic energy of moving air masses is known as renewable energy sources. It is converted into electrical energy using wind turbines. Coastal wind power plant in the North Sea.

Biomass means the biodegradable fraction of products, waste and residues from agriculture, forestry, as well as biogas. Through photosynthesis, solar energy is stored in the biomass and is produced by burning biomass or combustion products of its decay.

Biogas combustible gas, the product of anaerobic digestion of organic compounds, resulting in biogas plants. It can be universally used for heating, cooking and electricity generators. The biogas plant located in the town of Hofheim in Unterfranken in Germany.

In the area of the Opole Province they are used in all forms of renewable energy, except that in the production of electricity the dominant role plays a small hydropower and in the heat production the dominant role plays biomass. Struktura udziału OZE w produkcji ciepła i energii elektrycznej w 2015 r. Struktura udziału OZE w produkcji ciepła i energii elektrycznej w 2009 r.

Poland 10% Altenartive energy Conventional energy 90% France 30% 70% Alternative energy Conventional energy 20% 80% 30% 90% Alternative energy Conventional enrgy Alternative energy Conventional energy Romania 10% Germany 70% Netherlands Alternative energy Conventional energy

Opole province has 31 hydroelectric power plants, which produce 77. 8 GWh / year. At the moment there are 20 new facilities with a capacity of 18. 5 MW, which will increase energy production by approx. 86 GWh / year. Here are some of them:

Hydroelectric power plant in Nysa It is situated on the right bank of the river Nysa Kłodzka, in the city of Nysa. It was built in the years 1913 -1915. Its power is 760 k. W.

Hydroelectric power plant in Brzeg It is an element of Brest water junction on the River Odra in Brzeg. It started in 1923. In 2011, a thorough modernization of the facility was carried out. Its primary goal was to increase production capacity, improve operating efficiency and optimize the use of hydrological conditions. The effect of this was to increase the power capacity of 230 k. W to 400 k. W.

Hydroelectric power plant in Głębinów It functions in the dam reservoir Nysa. The installed capacity of the plant is 3, 040 MW. The power plant meets many of the key functions for the region, among others it provides water for the city of Wroclaw, for operating the Odra River, for agriculture and it is also used for energy.

Hydroelectric power plant in Otmuchów It is situated on the river Nysa Kłodzka in Otmuchów. The power plant was built with an artificial reservoir Otmuchów in the years 1928 -1933. Its power is 6. 646 MW. The power plant is placed on a slope, which makes the construction unique in Europe.

Hydroelectric power plant in Turawa It is located on the river Mała Panew in Turawa. It is integrated in Turawa Lake. The Turawa power station was launched in 1937 for the needs of the nearby steel and glass mills and the city of Opole. Its capacity is 1, 800 MW.

Despite the fact that the oldest information about the devices of wind used by man comes from the second millennium BC, the wind energy has been used worldwide on an industrial scale for about 30 years. During this period, there was an impressive technological advances related to for example an increase in power turbines and their performance. Localized in groups they create wind farms.

Lipniki wind farm It is a modern wind farm launched in July 2011, located in the south - western part of the province of Opole. Lipniki Windfarm consists of 15 wind turbines. Its total power is 30. 75 MW. The turbine REpower MM 92 has a maximum power of 2. 05 MW units and is mounted on a steel tubular towers with a height of 80 meters erected on the foundations of an overall height of 3. 30 m.

Wind farm in Zopowy It is located in the southern district of Głubczyce. It consists of 15 G 90 Games’ turbines with a capacity of 30 MW. In addition to the windmills on the fields between Zopowy and Nowe Gołuszowice they built a transformer, which is the main point of power.

PLANNED INVESTMENTS. . . In Pławowiczki a German company is planning to erect 80 turbines. The borough of Wilków is at the stage of taking into account this type of investment in the zoning plan. 20 windmills are planned to be put by another company in the borough of Grodków. The Kluczbork council has received an offer from one company interested in the area between Kujakowice Dolne, Kujakowice Górne and Łowkowice and from the second company interested in the area between Smardy, Krzywizna and Kuniów.

Biomass means the biodegradable fraction of products, waste and residues from biological origin from agriculture (including vegetal and animal substances), forestry and related industries including fisheries and aquaculture, as well as the biodegradable fraction of industrial and municipal waste.

In the region of Opole biomass is used mainly in the form of waste wood, straw and deliberate energy crops. Currently, the energy crops take about 3% of the shown area. As energy plants are considered: - Annual plants, eg. rape, turnip rape, rye, corn, flax - Sugar beets - Soya - Perennial plants, eg. thornless rose - Coppice forest of short rotation

Depending on the place of origin of the material subjected to anaerobic digestion biogas is divided into three groups: - biogas from wastewater treatment plants is obtained by the fermentation of sewage sludge constituting the final product after biological wastewater treatment - Landfill biogas obtained from the fermentation of municipal organic waste on landfill - agricultural biogas obtained from the fermentation of agricultural waste such as manure, garbage, household waste. Currently in the region of Opole, there is no agricultural biogas plant, however, the biogas produced at waste water treatment plants is used. In the municipality of Kedzierzyn - Koźle a large sewage treatment plant operates, where the anaerobic fermentation biogas is produced. The annual biogas production is at a level of approx. 230 m 3. The city of Opole has a mechanical and biological sewage treatment plants, which accept wastewater from the surrounding communities. Its capacity is 45 000 m 3/day. The city of Nysa has a mechanical-biological-chemical wastewater treatment plants, which also accepts waste from surrounding municipalities. Its maximum capacity is 28000 m 3 a day. The city of Brzeg has a mechanical-chemical-biological treatment, which was established in 1995 -2000. Its capacity is 18000 m 3 a day, but is not fully used.

The interest in thermal energy in the Opole province is focused primarily on the installation of heat pumps using this energy for heating purposes. There is an increased interest in building passive houses using geothermal and solar energy for heating. An excellent example of this is: a house in Turawa and Knight's Castle in the municipality of Byczyna. All of these objects have heat pumps which are used for heating. Knight's Castle in Byczyna Passive house in Turawa

The solar energy that reaches the Earth is several thousand times greater than global demand for energy. The potential for possible use by using available technology is much smaller, yet still it is from 4 to 117 times bigger than a modern global energy demand. It is assumed that the average energy generated by the solar collector during the insolation period i. e. from March to October are 900 k. Wh / m 2. In our climatic conditions, the collector can cover up to 70 -80% of the energy demand for domestic hot water and therefore there is necessary a second warming energy source. The solar energy is used on a small-scale in residential constructions but also in large pavilions, such as Tesco in Zdzieszowice and Praszka.

In 2017. Google will use 100% renewable energy around the world, including data centers and offices of the company. Google is one of the first corporation that has entered into long-term agreements for the direct purchase of renewable energy. Over the past six years, prices of wind and solar energy have fallen by 60 and 80 percent, which proves that green energy is the cheapest energy source. The cost of electricity is one of the largest expenditure on data centers, Google, and having a stable long-term purchase of renewable energy protects the company against price fluctuations in the energy sector.

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