Macrosocial factors 1 2 3 4 5 Global

Macrosocial factors 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Global and Nasional status of L 1 and L 2 Boundaries and identities Institutional forces and constraints Sosial categories Circumtances of leraning

1. Global and national status of L 1 and L 2 Language have power and status at global and national levels for both symbolic and practical reasons. Symbolic funtions of Language : �Political identification and cohesion �National Unity �The process of nation-building

Practical function of language �L 2 have also served political functions in times of conquest and empire-building �Language have Commerce and technology transfer function �Economic and military power

2. Boundaries and identities Neither to create or reinforce national boundaries but linguistic boundaries often also exist within or across national borders, �Unification �Aculturation �Motivation John schumann in his aculturation model : �Dominance of one group over the other. �A high degree of segregation between groups. �Desire of the leaners group to preserve its own lifestyle.

3. Institutional forces and constraints �Social control the form of official and unofficial policies that regulate which language is to be used in particular situations �Determination of access to knowledge Access to education may also limited for minority language speakers, since entry to those institutions of requires applicants to display competence in proper language usage. �Linguistic privilege or discrimination

4. Social categories Different social categories frequently experience different learning conditions, and different attitudes or perceptions from within both native and target language communities. There fore, this level we need to consider in the marosocial context of SLA �Age �Sex �Ethnicity �Education level �Occupation �Economic status

5. Circumstances of learning �Children’s experiences with the families into which they are born �The communities to which they belong �The cultural environment within which they live �Field-dependent and field-independent �Cultural-based learning strategies �Informal versus formal learning

6. Conclusion No individual factors in the macrosocial context of SLA can be isolated from others. Circumtances of learning are related to the nation that the leaner lives in and its history, culture, and geopolitical position, and to social and economic categorizations within the society, which in turn are related to historical, institutional, and political forces and constraints, all of which are related to and reflect or determine the status of the language involved. All of these factors powerfully influence the microsocial context of learning.