Macronutrient Metabolism HLTH 120 N Lecture 7 What

Macronutrient Metabolism HLTH 120 -N; Lecture 7

What is metabolism? �the sum of all chemical and physical processes by which the body breaks down and builds up molecules �Breakdown & buildup is quantified as? �______ is measured �Calorimeter measures a food’s caloric content �Chemical reactions require or release energy

Anabolism �The process of making larger, chemically complex molecules from smaller ones �Critical for � essential for human functioning �Requires energy

Catabolism �Breakdown of larger, complex molecules to smaller, more basic ones �Begins with _____—chemical reactions break down proteins, lipids, carbohydrates �Old cells or tissues are broken down for repair or replacement � energy

What is our body’s energy source? � �Organic compound used by cells as a source of energy �Energy is stored in �When bonds are broken, �This energy is keeps cells functioning . is released

Metabolic Pathways �Clusters of chemical reactions that occur sequentially to achieve a particular goal �Occur in a specific part of a cell � : the primary site of ATP production �May be limited to specific organs or tissues �Our metabolic pathways are a “network”

Condensation & Hydrolysis �Condensation is. �Simple units combine & make more complex ones �Water is. �Hydrolysis is. �Large molecule is broken into a smaller one �Water is.

Phosphorylation �Addition of a group to a compound �ATP’s high energy phosphate bonds are broken to �Release. �Transfer phosphate to other molecules �When glucose is phosphorylated, it can be oxidized for energy or stored as glycogen

Oxidation – Reduction Reactions �Molecules exchange electrons ( atoms) �Molecule donating an electron is oxidized �Its electron is by oxygen �Molecule acquiring an electron is reduced �It an electron (becomes more negatively charged)

Metabolic Enzymes �Enzymes mediate chemical reactions �Coenzymes: non-protein substances aid in or are necessary for enzyme activity �Vitamins, FAD, and FADH 2 function as coenzymes �Cofactors : minerals required for enzyme activity �Iron, magnesium, and zinc function as cofactors