Macromolecules What are they What to include in

What to include in your notes • 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. In

Proteins Amino Acids – building blocks (20)

4 levels of structure 1. Sequence of Amino Acids 2. H-bond interactions- Alpha helix

Examples – Meat, Beans, Salivary enzymes Uses – Enzymes, Structure (muscle) Enzymes – catalyst:

Carbohydrates (CH 2 O)X Simple sugars/ Monosaccharide – Building blocks

Disaccharides Complex Carbohydrates Starches – Polysaccharides Ends in -saccharide Examples – Sugar (mono/di) Starch

Lipids Building blocks – Fatty acids + glycerol Hydrophobic- Don’t like water

Examples–Fats, Oils, Waxes, Cell membrane Fats Oils Phospholipids - membranes Saturated Waxes Unsaturated Trans

Uses – Energy storage (animals), Separation Flexibility, Hormones, Steroids Where produced in cell: Smooth

Contains 1. sugar backbone, 2. phosphate connector Building blocks- Nucleotides and 3. nitrogen base

Examples –DNA, RNA, ATP – Energy Molecule of the body $ $ Money Uses

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Macromolecules What are they?

What to include in your notes • 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. In chart format – Columns Name of macromolecule Name of Building Block/ Monomer Structure of building block Example Uses of Macromolecule Where produced in the cell

Proteins Amino Acids – building blocks (20)

4 levels of structure 1. Sequence of Amino Acids 2. H-bond interactions- Alpha helix and Beta pleated sheet 3. 3 -D structure H- Bond, other interactions 4. Several 3 -D Proteins combining to form a more complex molecule

3 D 4 D

Examples – Meat, Beans, Salivary enzymes Uses – Enzymes, Structure (muscle) Enzymes – catalyst: Make a reaction go faster Where produced in cell: Ribosomes (Rough ER for export)

Carbohydrates (CH 2 O)X Simple sugars/ Monosaccharide – Building blocks

Disaccharides Complex Carbohydrates Starches – Polysaccharides Ends in -saccharide Examples – Sugar (mono/di) Starch (poly) Uses – Short term energy + Plants – Long term energy Storage (Starch) Where produced in cell: Chloroplast (photsynthesis)

Lipids Building blocks – Fatty acids + glycerol Hydrophobic- Don’t like water

Examples–Fats, Oils, Waxes, Cell membrane Fats Oils Phospholipids - membranes Saturated Waxes Unsaturated Trans Bad

Uses – Energy storage (animals), Separation Flexibility, Hormones, Steroids Where produced in cell: Smooth ER

Contains 1. sugar backbone, 2. phosphate connector Building blocks- Nucleotides and 3. nitrogen base Nucleic Acids

Examples –DNA, RNA, ATP – Energy Molecule of the body $ $ Money Uses – Genetic information (DNA), Carries messages (RNA), Energy molecule (ATP) Where produced in cell: Nucleus (DNA +RNA) During respiration (ATP)