Macromolecules Organic carbon polymers repeating units that make
Macromolecules Organic (carbon) polymers- (repeating units) that make up living things Monomer Polymer
Protein -Proteins—large organic polymers formed from monomers called amino acids. -amino acids make up all proteins. ex. muscles, hair
Nucleic Acids -Nucleic acids— polymers formed from monomers called nucleotides - Store genetic information and code for proteins -DNA—the nucleic acid, found in the nucleus of cells
Carbohydrates -Carbohydrates—polymers formed from sugar monomers -provide energy for the body (starch)
Sugar Types • Monosaccharides (1 sugar) Ex. Glucose • Disaccharides-(2 simple sugars) Ex. Table sugar • Polysaccharides-(many sugars). Ex: starch
Lipids -Lipids- 3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol “backbone”. Used for energy storage, insulation, and to keep water out. Ex oils, fats
Lipid Types • Saturated fats -a fatty acid with all the H’s it can hold. Ex. Animal fat (solid) • Unsaturated fat- a fatty acid that can hold more hydrogen. Ex. Vegetable and fish oils (liquid)
Chemical Reactions • Chemical Reactions – substances being changed into new substances. ex. Burned wood Ex. H 2 O 2 Reactants- go into a reaction H 2 O + O 2 Products – are made
Activation Energy • Activation energy – energy needed to start a reaction Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Enzymes-catalyst (speed up rxns) • Enzymes- Proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy. • Lock and Key fit – active site of enzymes match the shape of their substrates (reactants).
Enzyme Denature • An enzyme will denature (lose its shape) at certain temperatures or p. H’s and stop working
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