Macromolecules Mr Ramos What are Macromolecules Macromolecules are

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Macromolecules Mr. Ramos

Macromolecules Mr. Ramos

What are Macromolecules? �Macromolecules are large organic molecules. �Living things need 4 main macromolecules:

What are Macromolecules? �Macromolecules are large organic molecules. �Living things need 4 main macromolecules: �Carbohydrates �Proteins �Lipids �Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates �Carbohydrates are sugars. �Foods that contain carbohydrates include pasta, bread, and fruits. �They

Carbohydrates �Carbohydrates are sugars. �Foods that contain carbohydrates include pasta, bread, and fruits. �They are made up of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1: 2: 1 ratio. �They are the primary source of energy of most organisms.

Types of Carbohydrates �A monosaccharide is one sugar. �Example: Glucose (C 6 H 12

Types of Carbohydrates �A monosaccharide is one sugar. �Example: Glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6) �A disaccharide is two sugars. �Example: Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose �A polysaccharide is many sugars. �Example: Glucose +… = Cellulose

Proteins �Proteins are made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. �Examples of proteins

Proteins �Proteins are made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. �Examples of proteins include hormones, antibodies, enzymes, foods, etc. �Proteins are made up of molecules called amino acids.

Protein Structure

Protein Structure

Lipids �Lipids are made up of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen. �Lipids are similar to

Lipids �Lipids are made up of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen. �Lipids are similar to carbohydrates in elements, but they are also different: �Lipids have more carbon-hydrogen bonds and fewer oxygen bonds than carbohydrates. �Lipids do not dissolve in water; they are hydrophobic. �Lipids have several functions: �They store long term energy �They provide insulation �Water proof protection

Types of Lipids �Lipids are classified as fats, waxes, sterols, fat soluble vitamins, phospholipids,

Types of Lipids �Lipids are classified as fats, waxes, sterols, fat soluble vitamins, phospholipids, monoglycerides, diglycerides, and triglycerides.

Saturation �Lipids can be saturated or unsaturated.

Saturation �Lipids can be saturated or unsaturated.

Nucleic Acids �Nucleic acids are made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.

Nucleic Acids �Nucleic acids are made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. �Nucleic acids are made up of molecules called nucleotides. �Nucleic acids carry genetic material: �DNA �RNA

Nucleotides �Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids. �Nucleotides contain a 5 -carbon

Nucleotides �Nucleotides are the building blocks of nucleic acids. �Nucleotides contain a 5 -carbon sugar (deoxyribose or ribose), a nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, or uracil), and a phosphate.

Energy �Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins provide us with energy. �Carbohydrates are the main source

Energy �Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins provide us with energy. �Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for the cell & the quickest source. �Proteins take longer to break down than carbohydrates. �Energy: �Carbohydrates = 4 calories/gram �Proteins = 4 calories/gram �Lipids = 9 calories/gram