Macromolecules Macromolecule Foldable Carbohydrates Lipids Macromolecules Proteins Nucleic

Macromolecules

Macromolecule Foldable Carbohydrates Lipids Macromolecules Proteins Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates • Elements: C, H, O • Building blocks (monomers) – monosaccharides (small rings)

Types, Function & Structure Types/Structure Role/ Function Monosaccharide Immediate energy, Can be absorbed by organism with (glucose, glucose out being broken down fructose) Disaccharide (sucrose, lactose) Polysaccharide (starch, cellulose) Quick energy, has to be broken down into monosaccharides before it can be used. Longer term energy in animals. Structure in plants (cellulose)

Lipids • Elements: – C, H, O • Building blocks (monomers) – 1 glycerol – 3 fatty acids • Types: – Saturated – Unsaturated – Phospholipids • Function: – Long term energy (fat in animals, insulation) – Long term energy (water proof coating) – Part of cell membranes • Real life examples: – Animal fat (butter) – Oils from plants (corn, olive, sunflower)

lipids

Long term energy Structure Cell membrane structure

Proteins • Elements: – C, H, O, N • Building blocks (monomers) – Amino acids • Types: 20 different amino acids • Function: – Structure in animals (muscle) – Chemical Proteins (enzymes) – Hormones • Real life examples: – Muscle, skin, hair, nails – Enzymes – Insulin

Lots of different shapes!

Structure…. Only has C, H, O, N!!!

Nucleic Acids • Elements: – C, H, O, N, P • P=phosphorus • Building blocks (monomers) – Nucleotides (3 parts) • Phosphate • Sugar • Nitrogenous base • Types – Deoxyribonucleic acid – Ribonucleic acid • Function: – Stores and transfers important information (heredity) • Real life examples: – DNA – RNA

Structure #1 Phosphate Group O O=P-O O 5 CH 2 O N C 1 C 4 #2 Sugar (deoxyribose) C 3 C 2 #3 Nitrogenous base (A, G, C, or T)

DNA double helix O 5 3 P 5 3 O O C G 1 P 5 3 2 4 4 2 3 P 1 T 5 A P 3 O O P 5 O 3 5 P

Let’s Review!

What is the function? • Carbohydrates? – Immediate energy • Lipids? – Long term energy – Cell membrane structure

What is the function? • Proteins – Functions of the body (chemical reactions) – Structure of the body (hair, skin, nails) • Nucleic Acids – Stores and transfers our heredity (genes)

Name the organic compounds

Can you guess the structure? Lipids

Can you guess the structure? Nucleic Acid = nucleotide

Can you guess the structure? Carbohydrate = polysaccharide

Can you guess the structure? Amino acid Protein Amino acid