Macromolecules February 28 2021 I What are macromolecules

Macromolecules February 28, 2021

I. What are macromolecules? A. CARBOHYDRATES B. LIPIDS D. NUCLEIC ACIDS (DNA) C. PROTEINS

II. What does it mean to be organic? A. Role of Carbon 1. Carbon has 4 valence electrons; needs to form 4 more covalent bonds to be stable 2. Carbon can bond with other carbon atoms and other elements 3. Carbon can form straight chains, branched chains, or rings

II. What does it mean to be organic? (cont. ) B. CHNOPS 1. The Six Most Abundant Elements of Life C. Hydrocarbons: A compound that only contains the element Carbon (C) and Hydrogen (H) 1. C and H bonded in different proportions

Putting things together…let’s make some MACROMOLECULES

IV. ) Formation of Macromolecules A. What are macromolecules made of? 1. Monomers: smaller building blocks of the macromolecules 2. Monomers can link together to form large polymers a. AKA Macromolecules

B. Macromolecule Formation 1. Process = Dehydration Synthesis 2. Removal of OH + H forms water, H 2 O 3. Leaves bonding sites that join monomer units to create a polymer Monomer OH H H 2 O Polymer

C. Macromolecule Destruction 1. Process = Hydrolysis 2. Break bonds between monomer units 3. Add OH + H to fill bonding sites & break polymer unit into monomer units again Polymer H 2 O OH Monomer

D. Macromolecule Formation/Destruction Image MONOMERS DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS HYDROLYSIS H 2 O POLYMERS

Fill in Chart… For each Macromolecule – Made of (elements from CHNOPS) – Basic Unit (monomer) – Polymer unit – Function – Where found – Examples Use pages 161 -167 in book and/or discuss with partner

Macromolecule Chart Carbs DNA Elements Monomer Polymer Function Where Found Examples C, H, O Monosaccharide Polysaccharide Energy, Structural Support Liver, Plants Glucose, Starch, Glycogen C, H, N, O, P Nucleotide DNA, RNA Holds genetic information; Found in Nucleus codes for all living of a cell protein things production

Macromolecule Chart (cont. ) Lipids Proteins Elements Monomer C, H, O, P Glycerol, Fatty Acids C, H, N, O, S Amino Acids Polymer Functio n Phospho. Energy lipids, Storage Triglycerides Proteins Building blocks for cell, enzymes Where Found Examples Cell membrane Fats, Oils, Butter Muscles, hair, nails, skin Meats, Soy beans, Dairy products