MACROMOLECULES EOC REVIEW Carbon serves as the backbone
MACROMOLECULES EOC REVIEW
Carbon serves as the backbone Carbon forms covalent bonds.
Carbon forms four covalent bonds with other elements, or with other carbon atoms.
Carbon can form: Single bond Double bond Triple bond
The four macromolecules are: Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic acids
Carbohydrates CH 2 OH H HO H OH sugars
Carbohydrates are composed of carbon CH 2 OH H HO H OH H hydrogen OH and oxygen
Carbohydrates include sugars like CH 2 OH H HO H OH H OH OH glucose and sucrose
Monosaccharides - - - one sugar Glucose - C 6 H 12 O 6 Fructose - C 6 H 12 O 6 Stored chemical energy Function? Provides Energy
Cellular Respiration broken down GLUCOSE ATP ENERGY
Disaccharides - - - two sugars
Carbohydrates also include starch glycogen cellulose Long chains of glucose sugar sugar Polysaccharides - - - many sugars
Polysaccharides: Long chains of glucose Energy Storage Starch - - - in plants Glycogen - - - in animals
Polysaccharides --- Structure & Support Cellulose --- the cell wall of plants Cellulose
The four macromolecules are: Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic acids
Proteins are the workhorses of the cell. Proteins do all the work! Enzymes Protection ENZYMES!!! Transport Movement Regulation MUSCLES!!! Communication Structure
Proteins are composed of: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Protein - - - long chain of amino acids. amino acid amino acid amino acid
There are 20 different amino acids.
All amino acids have a similar structure. same sa O m H e H | || e m —C— C—OH sa —N— | H R Different Here
Amino Acids
There are thousands of different proteins Protein = amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid
Enzymes are catalysts. Catalysts are compounds that speed up chemical reactions. enzyme
Lock and Key Substrate Products
The four macromolecules are: Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic acids
LIPIDS include: fats oils cholesterol phospholipids
Function: Long Term Energy Storage Animals - fats Plants - oils
Function: Structure cell membranes are composed of phospholipids
Lipids are nonpolar. Lipids do not dissolve in water. Oil Water
Lipids: composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen.
Lipids are composed of fatty acids.
F A T T Y A C I D S
Saturated Fatty Acid: Unsaturated Fatty Acid
The four macromolecules are: Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids
There are two types of nucleic acids: DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid __________ or ribonucleic acid RNA
Chromosomes are composed of DNA. chromosome DNA contains the genetic information and the instructions for making proteins.
Nucleic acids: are composed of nucleotides. nucleotide nucleotide
A nucleotide is made of three parts: A phosphate A sugar A base A NUCLEOTIDE Base P Sugar
Four different nucleotides Thymine Adenine P P Sugar Cytosine P Sugar Guanine P Sugar
What is the formula for glucose? C 6 H 12 O 6
Proteins include enzymes muscles antibodies
Lipids include Fats and oils phospholipids cholesterol
Do lipids dissolve in water? A lipid is a nonpolar molecule that does not dissolve in water. Oil Water
Nucleic acids include DNA and RNA
DNA contains the genetic information
Carbohydrates are composed of monosaccharides de p ari h c c a s oly monosaccharide
Proteins are composed of Amino acids
Lipids are composed of fatty acids
Nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides B P S
Amino acid Amino acid Which macromolecule? protein Amino acid
Which macromolecule? carbohydrate
Which macromolecule? proteins amino acid amino acid
What is this? A fat
Which macromolecule? Lipid
What are these? sugars monosaccharides
Which macromolecule? carbohydrate
What is this? A nucleotide Base P Sugar
Which macromolecule? Nucleic acid Base P Sugar
What is this? An amino acid H O H | || —C— C—OH —N— | H R variable group
Which macromolecule? protein H O H | || —C— C—OH —N— | H R variable group
DNA What is this?
Nucleic acid Which macromolecule?
Molecule that speeds up chemical reactions enzymes
What is this? A polysaccharide
Which macromolecule? carbohydrate
fats cushions organs & insulates body
Which macromolecule? Nucleic acids nucleotide nucleotide
What is this? An amino acid
Which macromolecule? proteins
What are these? monosaccharides
Which macromolecule? carbohydrate
What is this? A nucleotide
Which macromolecule? A nucleic acid
What are these? disaccharides
Which macromolecule? carbohydrates
DNA & RNA Which macromolecule? Nucleic acids
What is this? An amino acid
Which macromolecule? proteins
Muscles are composed of protein
What are these? Fatty acids
Which macromolecule? lipids
What is this? polysaccharide
Which macromolecule? carbohydrate
What is this? A nucleotide
Which macromolecule? A nucleic acid
What are these? Amino acids
Which macromolecule? proteins
What is this? A phospholipid
What structure is composed of phospholipids? Cell membrane
The cell wall of plants is composed of the above macromolecule. The above macromolecule is. . . cellulose
These are the bases for nucleotides Adenine --- A Thymine --- T Cytosine --- C Guanine --- G
What contains more energy? 1000 g of carbs 1000 g of fat 1000 g of protein
glucose glucose What is the monomer? glucose
What is this? polysaccharide
Which macromolecule? carbohydrate
This macromolecule is found in the liver of animals. What is it? Glycogen
This macromolecule is found in the liver of animals. What is it’s function? Energy storage
This is a molecule of … (a specific name) glucose What is the function of glucose? To provide energy for cells.
What is this? Triglyceride
Triglyceride is a …. Fat or oil
The function of this molecule is … Long term energy storage
glucose glucose What is the monomer? glucose
glucose glucose This macromolecule is found in plants. What is it? starch What is the function of the above macromolecule? Energy storage
What is the function of this molecule? To provide energy for cells.
? enzyme
substrate ?
products ?
Study hard and you will excel!!! And you’ll make your teacher very happy
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