Macromolecules Describe the basic molecular structure of the

Macromolecules Describe the basic molecular structure of the four types of macromolecules. Describe the primary function of the four types of macromolecules

MACROmolecules • Objective: Compare and contrast the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four categories of macromolecules • Essential Question: How do different macromolecules meet our needs?

Why is Carbon so unique? • Each carbon atom is identical • Carbon can bond with other carbon atoms • carbon bonds with hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur and phosphorus • form long chains or rings.

All macromolecules are made up of a CARBON BASE. CARBON HYDROGEN NITROGEN OXYGEN PHOSPHOROUS SULFUR EC Most COMMON ELEMENTS in LIVING ORGANISMS

Macromolecules of life • Carbohydrates MACROmolecules are POLYMERS • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic acids All four macromolecules are in living things. They are found in our food because our food comes form living things!! We need food to survive!

What is your favorite food? What does it do for your body? Let’s find out!

Think-pair-share! • What do the prefixes “macro” and “micro” mean? • What do the prefixes “poly” and “mono” mean?

Mono = one, Poly = many, “mer”=molecule • MONOMER is a small molecule that is a individual subunit in a much larger molecule • POLYMERS are LARGE MOLECULES made of many monomers bonded together. MONOMERS POLYMERIZATION POLYMERS

Macromolecules of Life: Carbohydrates • Elements: – Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen • Structure: – Rings, 2 hydrogen to 1 carbon • Functions: – Short-term energy storage – Provide fast energy – Structural support in cell wall of plants

Macromolecules of Life: Carbohydrates • Monomers are… – Monosaccharides: simple sugars (glucose) • Polymers are… – Polysaccharides: complex sugars formed when simple sugars bond to form larger carbohydrates • Include starches, cellulose, glycogen

SUGAR!!!!!! Various types: Lactose Fructose Glucose Galactose What do you notice?

Carbohydrates provide immediate energy. Example: running races or playing sports

Examples of Carbohydrates Bread Potatoes Corn Beans Rice Pasta

Macromolecules of Life: Proteins • Elements: – Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen & sometimes sulfur (R Group) • Structure - Form chains (N-C-C) • Function: Shape determines the function – Control reaction rates (enzymes) – Regulate cell processes – Transport across C. M. – Form and move bones/muscles

Macromolecules of Life: Proteins • Monomer: Amino acids • 20 different amino acids combine to make proteins • Proteins differ in number and order of amino acids • Polymer: Polypeptide chain

Why do we need proteins? Muscles, ligaments, tendons, and bones Without these particular structural proteins, we would look more like this….

Examples of Proteins

Macromolecules of Life: Nucleic Acid • Elements: – Composed of: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen Nitrogen, Phosphorus • Structure: – Helix (double or single) • Function: – Store and transmit genetic info – Build protein

Nucleic Acid • Monomers: nucleotides • Made of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen base What washes up on beaches? Nucleotides • Polymers: – DNA (stores genetic information. ) – RNA (builds proteins)

Macromolecules of Life: Lipids Elements: - carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Structure: - Chains made of Glycerol and three (3) fatty acids

Macromolecules of Life: Lipids Function: 1. Provide long-term energy storage/ waterproof covering 2. Phospholipids are main component of cell membrane 3. Used to make hormones

Examples of Lipids Examples: FATS, OILS, WAXES, STEROIDS (cholesterol)

Connecting Claudel • What organelle builds Claudel’s proteins? • What macromolecule composes Claudel’s cell membrane? • Where does Claudel get the instructions to build proteins? What macromolecule is that? • If Claudel is preparing to run a race, which macromolecule does Claudel want to consume?

Check for Understanding • Identify the polymer that the picture represents (write answer on whiteboard!) Nucleic Acid

Check for Understanding • Identify the macromolecule that the picture represents Lipid

Check for Understanding • Identify the MONOMER that the picture represents Amino Acid (the monomer of proteins)

Check for Understanding • Identify the polymer that the picture represents Polysaccharide (Carbohydrate)

Macromolecules Assembly Line • Using the materials provided, complete the assembly line activity on the left side summarizing the important concepts for each of the 4 macromolecules discussed. . • • • C- level 2 voice H- use notes, textbook, and classmates before me A- complete assembly line for all four macromolecules M- remain seated in your assigned seat P- complete your own flipbook and glue to Left Page SUCCESS

Exit Ticket Clear your desk of everything but a writing utensil