Macromolecules Chapter 3 Organic Macromolecules Organic Contains carbon
Macromolecules (Chapter 3)
Organic Macromolecules Organic: Contains carbon Macro: Large (relatively)
Organic Macromolecules: Carbohydrates Type of Carbohydrate Function(s) Simple Short term energy storage Complex Long term energy storage Structural support
Organic Macromolecules: Carbohydrates
Organic Macromolecules: Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a 1: 2: 1 ratio (C: H: O)
Organic Macromolecules: Carbohydrates Monomers: Monosaccharides Glucose Fructose
Organic Macromolecules: Carbohydrates Di- and polysaccharides are formed through dehydration synthesis of monosaccharides.
Organic Macromolecules: Carbohydrates Disaccharides Glucose Fructose
Organic Macromolecules: Carbohydrates Polysaccharides contain more than two monosaccharides
Organic Macromolecules: Carbohydrates Polysaccharides contain more than two monosaccharides Starch and Cellulose are both made of many glucose monomers.
Organic Macromolecules: Carbohydrates Polysaccharides contain more than two monosaccharides Starch and Cellulose are both made of many glucose monomers. The orientation of the glucose monomers is different. Starch and Cellulose have different structures, which means they have different functions.
Organic Macromolecules: Carbohydrates Starch stores long-term energy in plants Cellulose is gives structural support to plants
Organic Macromolecules: Lipids Primary Functions
Organic Macromolecules: Lipids Primary Functions • Long term energy storage • Insulation/protection • Cell membranes
Organic Macromolecules: Lipids Carbohydrate Lipid
Organic Macromolecules: Lipids vs Carbohydrates Both contain C, H, O atoms Carbohydrate Lipid
Organic Macromolecules: Lipids vs Carbohydrates Both contain C, H, O atoms Carbohydrates have a 1: 2: 1 ratio (C: H: O) Lipids have a H: O ratio that is greater than 2: 1 Carbohydrate Lipid
Organic Macromolecules: Lipids vs Carbohydrates Lipids contain more calories per gram than carbohydrates because lipids contain more C-H bonds, which are broken when molecules are digested to release energy.
Organic Macromolecules: Lipids Triglycerides: lipids found in your blood
Organic Macromolecules: Lipids Triglycerides: lipids found in your blood A fatty acid is saturated if there are NO double bonds between carbon atoms. A fatty acid is unsaturated if there is at least ONE double bond between carbon atoms.
Organic Macromolecules: Lipids Phospholipids: lipids found in your cell membranes Phospholipids are amphipathic, meaning that they have hydrophobic (nonpolar) region AND a hydrophilic (polar) region.
Organic Macromolecules: Proteins Primary Functions • Carry out cell processes • Enzymes (a type of protein) catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions
Organic Macromolecules: Proteins Monomers: Amino Acids
Organic Macromolecules: Proteins Monomers: Amino Acids Amino acids are joined by peptide bonds
Organic Macromolecules: Proteins Primary Structure Determined by the order of amino acids
Organic Macromolecules: Proteins Secondary Structure Determine by hydrogen bonds between amino and carboxyl groups
Organic Macromolecules: Proteins Tertiary Structure Determined by chemical properties of the R groups
Organic Macromolecules: Proteins Quaternary Structure Occurs when multiple amino acid chains are bound together
Organic Macromolecules: Proteins Amino Acid Structure Carboxyl group
Organic Macromolecules: Proteins Amino Acid Structure Amino group Carboxyl group
Organic Macromolecules: Proteins Amino Acid Structure Carboxyl group Amino group R group
Organic Macromolecules: Proteins Amino Acid Structure Carboxyl group Amino group R group
Organic Macromolecules: Nucleic Acids Primary Function Store and transfer genetic information
Organic Macromolecules: Nucleic Acids Monomers: Nucleotides
Organic Macromolecules: Nucleic Acids Monomers: Nucleotides Nitrogenous Base Phosphate Group Pentose Sugar
Organic Macromolecules: Nucleic Acids Monomers: Nucleotides 5’ 3’
Organic Macromolecules: Nucleic Acids Monomers: Nucleotides 5’ 3’ ANTIPARALLEL
Flashcards Front: Write the term Back: Write a detailed definition AND either a diagram OR an example 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Nucleic Acid Nucleotide Protein Amino Acid Lipid Carbohydrate Monosaccharide Polysaccharide
A. Amino acid B. Nucleotide C. Fatty acid D. Polysaccharide
A. Amino acid B. Nucleotide C. Fatty acid D. Polysaccharide
A. Amino acid B. Nucleotide C. Fatty acid D. Monosaccharide
A. Amino acid B. Nucleotide C. Fatty acid D. Monosaccharide
A. Amino acid B. Nucleotide C. Fatty acid D. Monosaccharide
A. Amino acid B. Nucleic acid C. Phospholipid D. Polysaccharide
A. Amino acid B. Nucleic acid C. Phospholipid D. Polysaccharide
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