Macromolecules Chapter 3 Organic Macromolecules Organic Contains carbon

Macromolecules (Chapter 3)

Organic Macromolecules Organic: Contains carbon Macro: Large (relatively)

Organic Macromolecules: Carbohydrates Type of Carbohydrate Function(s) Simple Short term energy storage Complex Long term energy storage Structural support

Organic Macromolecules: Carbohydrates

Organic Macromolecules: Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a 1: 2: 1 ratio (C: H: O)

Organic Macromolecules: Carbohydrates Monomers: Monosaccharides Glucose Fructose

Organic Macromolecules: Carbohydrates Di- and polysaccharides are formed through dehydration synthesis of monosaccharides.

Organic Macromolecules: Carbohydrates Disaccharides Glucose Fructose

Organic Macromolecules: Carbohydrates Polysaccharides contain more than two monosaccharides

Organic Macromolecules: Carbohydrates Polysaccharides contain more than two monosaccharides Starch and Cellulose are both made of many glucose monomers.

Organic Macromolecules: Carbohydrates Polysaccharides contain more than two monosaccharides Starch and Cellulose are both made of many glucose monomers. The orientation of the glucose monomers is different. Starch and Cellulose have different structures, which means they have different functions.

Organic Macromolecules: Carbohydrates Starch stores long-term energy in plants Cellulose is gives structural support to plants

Organic Macromolecules: Lipids Primary Functions

Organic Macromolecules: Lipids Primary Functions • Long term energy storage • Insulation/protection • Cell membranes

Organic Macromolecules: Lipids Carbohydrate Lipid

Organic Macromolecules: Lipids vs Carbohydrates Both contain C, H, O atoms Carbohydrate Lipid

Organic Macromolecules: Lipids vs Carbohydrates Both contain C, H, O atoms Carbohydrates have a 1: 2: 1 ratio (C: H: O) Lipids have a H: O ratio that is greater than 2: 1 Carbohydrate Lipid

Organic Macromolecules: Lipids vs Carbohydrates Lipids contain more calories per gram than carbohydrates because lipids contain more C-H bonds, which are broken when molecules are digested to release energy.

Organic Macromolecules: Lipids Triglycerides: lipids found in your blood

Organic Macromolecules: Lipids Triglycerides: lipids found in your blood A fatty acid is saturated if there are NO double bonds between carbon atoms. A fatty acid is unsaturated if there is at least ONE double bond between carbon atoms.

Organic Macromolecules: Lipids Phospholipids: lipids found in your cell membranes Phospholipids are amphipathic, meaning that they have hydrophobic (nonpolar) region AND a hydrophilic (polar) region.

Organic Macromolecules: Proteins Primary Functions • Carry out cell processes • Enzymes (a type of protein) catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions

Organic Macromolecules: Proteins Monomers: Amino Acids

Organic Macromolecules: Proteins Monomers: Amino Acids Amino acids are joined by peptide bonds

Organic Macromolecules: Proteins Primary Structure Determined by the order of amino acids

Organic Macromolecules: Proteins Secondary Structure Determine by hydrogen bonds between amino and carboxyl groups

Organic Macromolecules: Proteins Tertiary Structure Determined by chemical properties of the R groups

Organic Macromolecules: Proteins Quaternary Structure Occurs when multiple amino acid chains are bound together

Organic Macromolecules: Proteins Amino Acid Structure Carboxyl group

Organic Macromolecules: Proteins Amino Acid Structure Amino group Carboxyl group

Organic Macromolecules: Proteins Amino Acid Structure Carboxyl group Amino group R group

Organic Macromolecules: Proteins Amino Acid Structure Carboxyl group Amino group R group

Organic Macromolecules: Nucleic Acids Primary Function Store and transfer genetic information

Organic Macromolecules: Nucleic Acids Monomers: Nucleotides

Organic Macromolecules: Nucleic Acids Monomers: Nucleotides Nitrogenous Base Phosphate Group Pentose Sugar

Organic Macromolecules: Nucleic Acids Monomers: Nucleotides 5’ 3’

Organic Macromolecules: Nucleic Acids Monomers: Nucleotides 5’ 3’ ANTIPARALLEL

Flashcards Front: Write the term Back: Write a detailed definition AND either a diagram OR an example 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Nucleic Acid Nucleotide Protein Amino Acid Lipid Carbohydrate Monosaccharide Polysaccharide

A. Amino acid B. Nucleotide C. Fatty acid D. Polysaccharide

A. Amino acid B. Nucleotide C. Fatty acid D. Polysaccharide

A. Amino acid B. Nucleotide C. Fatty acid D. Monosaccharide

A. Amino acid B. Nucleotide C. Fatty acid D. Monosaccharide

A. Amino acid B. Nucleotide C. Fatty acid D. Monosaccharide

A. Amino acid B. Nucleic acid C. Phospholipid D. Polysaccharide

A. Amino acid B. Nucleic acid C. Phospholipid D. Polysaccharide