MACROMOLECULES CARBOHYDRATES LIPIDS PROTEINS NUCLEIC ACIDS Vitamins Minerals

MACROMOLECULES §CARBOHYDRATES §LIPIDS §PROTEINS §NUCLEIC ACIDS §Vitamins §Minerals §Water

CARBOHYDRATES § Used for energy and structure § Made by plants from water and CO 2 during photosynthesis EXAMPLES: § Simple carbs - sugar § Complex carbs - starch

LIPIDS § Fats and oils § Ex. (Triglycerides) § Saturated § Unsaturated § Polyunsaturated

Functions of FAT 1. Energy storage § Fat stores twice as much energy as glucose § Fat produces twice as many calories when burned 2. Cushions organs (to protect from injury) 3. Insulates the body (to keep you warm).

Types of FAT Saturated Unsaturated Hydrogenated Solid at room temp Liquid at room temp Solid at rm temp (Liquid oil converted to a solid) Animal fats: bacon, lard, butter Oils: olive oil, corn oil, cod liver oil Margarine, crisco

An Interesting Fact So, what’s OLESTRA? How come it makes chips and doritos “fat free”? ? Olestra is a synthetic fat - it is very big and bulky. Because it is so bulky, the fat-digesting enzymes (lipases) in our intestines cannot break it down. . . and it passes through unchanged.

PROTEIN § Amino acids are the building blocks § 20 different amino acids § Proteins (polypeptides) are constructed from these 20 amino acids. § The protein’s shape allows it to function properly

Why do we need protein? What do we eat to get protein? Foods with protein Meats Fish Dairy; milk, cheese, yogurt Eggs Shellfish Nuts Seeds Beans

Some Proteins in our body 1. Hormones - Insulin helps regulate blood sugar; HGH helps you grow 2. Muscle protein 3. Antibodies fight infection 4. Enzymes - Digestive enzymes break down food 1. Make up nails and hair

NUCLEIC ACIDS DNA § § § Contains genetic code Inherited from you parents Give instructions to cell RNA § Helps DNA § do it’s job

Vitamins and minerals § § § Not an energy source Helps body carry out processes Helps body get energy out of food.

Vitamins § § § Help enzymes with chemical reactions Get most vitamins only from food… Exceptions: § Vitamin K from bacteria in Lg. Intestine. Helps body clot § Vitamin D made by skin when exposed to sun. Need for bone health and immune system.

Vitamins § Fat soluble: § ADEK § Stored in body § Water soluble § B, C § Not stored in body so need every day.

Minerals list on pg 52 § § List on pg 52 Not made by living things Absorbed by plants through soil. Obtain by eating plants or herbivores § Iron – help RBS function properly § Calcium – Bones and teeth.

Water § Most abundant substance in body. § Needed for all body processes § Chemical reactions including digestion § Temperature regulation § Removal of wastes

Works Cited § www. biology. iupui. edu/. . . /N 100 H/macromol. html § http: //users. rcn. com/jkimball. ma. ultranet/Biology. Pages/C/Carbohy drates. html#starches § http: //faculty. clintoncc. suny. edu/faculty/Michael. Gregory/files/Bio% 20100/Bio%20100%20 Lectures/Biochemistry/biochemi. htm § www. biology. com § http: //www. bioloj. ca/12 U_Biology/macromolecule/lipids. html § Science Explorer: Human Body and Health; Prentice Hall; Coolidge-Stolz, Elizabeth, MD; pgs 44 -53