Macromolecules and Your Body Anatomy Carbohydrates Three main

Macromolecules and Your Body Anatomy

Carbohydrates • Three main carbohydrates in body – Glucose (stores energy) – Glycogen (stores energy) – Ribose (expression of hereditary information)

Lipids • Four main lipids that are important to us – Triglycerides – Phospholipids – Steriods – Prostaglandins/ Eicosanoids

Triglycerides • Store energy • Butter, olive oil • Get a lot from your diet

Phospholipids • Lecithin and Cephalin • Form cell membranes

Steriods • Cortoicosteroids (cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone) • Synthesis hormones and help form membranes

Prostaglandins & Eicosanoids • • Regulating actions of hormones Help immune system Influences inflammatory response Causes contraction of smooth muscle for labor • Contributes to production of mucus in stomach

Proteins • Functional and structural

Functional Proteins • Regulate chemical reactions

Structural Proteins • Form part of the tissues that provide mechanical support to the part of the body where they are located

Nucleic Acids • DNA and RNA

DNA • Genetic code and information • Ensures daughter cells inherit data from parent cells • Code the ways proteins turn genes on and off • Needed to form m. RNA

RNA • • Carries genetic information Catalyzes biochemical reactions Adapter molecule in protein synthesis Structural molecules in cellular organelles – m. RNA – t. RNA – r. RNA – sn. RNA (catalyze reactions with m. RNA) – g. RNA (edits RNA)

Combinations of Macromolecules • Glycoproteins – Mannose and galactose – Regulate chemical reactions (similar function to functional proteins)

Combinations of Macromolecules • Proteoglycans – Important for lubrication (increase thickness of fluids)

Combinations of Macromolecules • Lipoproteins – Transport lipids in blood

Combinations of Macromolecules • Glycolipids – Cerebrosides (in myelin sheaths of nerve fibers) – Cell membranes

Combinations of Macromolecules • Ribonucleoproteins – Have enzyme like properties (slicing m. RNA sn. RNPs)